现代瑜珈之父-Krishnamacharya的传奇

现代瑜珈之父-Krishnamacharya的传奇

 
现代瑜珈之父-Krishnamacharya

摘要自http://www.yogajournal.com/wisdom/465_1.cfm
1. 4大门徒
his four most famous disciples—Jois, Iyengar, Devi, and Krishnamacharya‘s son,
T.K.V. Desikachar.
Krishnamacharya最有名的4大门徒-Pattabhi Jois 、B.K.S. Iyengar 、T.K
Desikachar（Krishnamacharya的儿子）及Indra Devi。

 Indra Devi

*Krishnamacharya瑜珈系统是Iyengar, Ashtanga及 Viniyoga瑜珈系统的根源
（Krishnamacharya-based styles）。
He never crossed an ocean, but Krishnamacharya‘s yoga has spread through Euro
Asia, and the Americas.
Krishnamacharya不曾漂洋过海，但其瑜珈系统却传遍欧洲，亚洲及美洲。
第二代门徒
Rodney Yee, who appears in many popular videos, studied with Iyengar.
华人Rodney Yee出版许多瑜珈教学影像的瑜珈老师，他的老师是B.K.S. Iyengar。
Richard Hittleman, a well-known TV yogi of the 1970s, trained with Devi.
Richard Hittleman在1970年代很有名的电视瑜珈修行者，他的老师是Indra Devi。
3.简史
The yoga world Krishnamacharya inherited at his birth in 1888.
瑜珈世界传承自Krishnamacharya的出生1888年
his father initiated him into yoga at age five.
在5岁时他的父亲开始教他瑜珈
Sri Ramamohan Brahmachari, one of the few remaining hatha yoga masters.
他的瑜珈老师Sri Ramamohan Brahmachari是印度少数的哈达瑜珈大师
he lived with his spouse and three children in a remote cave.
Brahmachari和他太太及3个小孩住在人迹罕至的洞穴
he spent seven years with this teacher.
Krishnamacharya跟他老师学习7年
he mastered 3,000 asanas and developed some of his most remarkable skills, such as stopping his pulse.
Krishnamacharya学会了3000多种体位法及发展了特别的功法ex.停止脉搏。
Brahmachari asked his loyal student to return to his homeland to teach yoga and establish a household.
Brahmachari要求他的忠实学生回到自己的故乡教瑜珈及成立自己的家庭。
In the 1920s, teaching yoga wasn‘t profitable. Krishnamacharya was forced to take a job as a foreman at a coffee plantation.
在1920年代在印度教瑜珈是不被允许的。Krishnamacharya回乡后找到一份种植咖啡的工作。
To teach people about yoga, Krishnamacharya felt, he first had to get their attention. These demonstrations, included suspending his pulse, stopping cars with his bare hands, performing difficult asanas, and lifting heavy objects with his teeth.
Krishnamacharya发觉要教人瑜珈前第一应先让人注意。他示范表演包括：暂停脉搏、用空手停下汽车、表演困难的体位法及用牙齿举起重物。


Krishnamacharya‘s fortunes improved in 1931 when he received an invitation to teach at the Sanskrit College in Mysore.
时来运转，在1931年Krishnamacharya获得在Mysore的Sanskrit学院教授瑜珈的邀请。

Thus began one of Krishnamacharya‘s most fertile periods, during which he developed what is now known as Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga.
Krishnamacharya最有创造力的时期-他发展出目前很有名的八支串联瑜伽
Krishnamacharya standardized the pose sequences into three series consisting of primary, intermediate, and advanced asanas.
Krishnamacharya将体位法标准化分成3级- primary, intermediate, 及 advanced 体位法。
Perhaps this method, originally designed for youngsters, provides our high-energy, outwardly-focused culture with an approachable gateway to a path of deeper spirituality.
也许八支串联瑜伽原始为年轻瑜珈士设计，提供我们高能量及外在集中的文化，是进入更深沉精神世界的网关。
Though Krishnamacharya developed this manner of performing yoga during the 1930s, it remained virtually unknown in the West for almost 40 years. Recently, it‘s become one of the most popular styles of yoga, mostly due to the work of one of Krishnamacharya‘s most faithful and famous students, K. Pattabhi Jois.
虽Krishnamacharya在1930年代发展此瑜珈系统，但在此后40年后西方世界仍不认识他。近来八支串联瑜伽变成最受欢迎的瑜珈系统是因为其最忠实及有名的学生K. Pattabhi Jois.

4. K. Pattabhi Jois
As a robust boy of 12, Jois attended one of Krishnamacharya‘s lectures.
K. Pattabhi Jois在12岁时参加Krishnamacharya的演讲
Jois asked Krishnamacharya to teach him yoga. Lessons started the next day, hours before the school bell rang, and continued every morning for three years until Jois left home to attend the Sanskrit College.
之后K. Pattabhi Jois要求Krishnamacharya教他瑜珈。隔天在上学前Jois开始学瑜珈持续3年一直到他到梵语大学教瑜珈课为止。

5. 瑜珈第一夫人Indra Devi
she was born Zhenia Labunskaia, in pre-Soviet Latvia
她出生在Zhenia Labunskaia前苏联 拉脱维亚
At first, Krishnamacharya refused to teach her. He told her that his school accepted neither foreigners nor women.
一开始Krishnamacharya拒绝教她因在其瑜珈学校不教外国人也不教女士
But Devi persisted, persuading the Maharaja to prevail on his Brahmin. Reluctantly, Krishnamacharya started her lessons
但Devi坚持最后说服Krishnamacharya开始教她瑜珈
After a year-long apprenticeship, Krishnamacharya instructed Devi to become a yoga teacher.
经一年的学习Krishnamacharya训练Devi变成一位瑜珈老师
Over the years after her studies with Krishnamacharya, Devi founded the first school of yoga in Shanghai, China, where Madame Chiang Kai-Shek became her student.
与Krishnamacharya又经一年的学习, Devi在中国上海成立第一所瑜珈学校,蒋介石先生的夫人亦是其学生
In 1947 she moved to the United States. Living in Hollywood, she became known as the "First Lady of Yoga,"
在1947年她搬到美国驻在好莱坞，成为有名的” 瑜珈第一夫人”
she moved to Argentina in 1985. Argentina‘s President Menem came for her blessings and advice.
在1985年她搬到阿根廷。阿根廷总统Menem拜访她接受其祝福及建议
Though Devi died in April, 2002 at the age of 102, her six yoga schools are still active in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Until three years ago, she still taught asanas.
虽Devi在2002年4月离开人世享年102岁，但她创办的6个瑜珈学校仍然在阿根廷首都布宜诺斯艾利斯运作。一直到3年前她仍教授体位法。
6. B.K.S. Iyengar
Krishnamacharya‘s wife was Iyengar‘s sister
Krishnamacharya的太太是Iyengar的姊姊
And, like Krishnamacharya, Iyengar never hesitated to innovate. He largely abandoned his mentor‘s vinyasa style of practice. Instead, he constantly researched the nature of internal alignment, considering the effect of every body part, even the skin, in developing each pose.
和Krishnamacharya一样Iyengar不曾停止创新。他放弃他老师的串联动作型式的练习。取而代之的是他继续深入研究内在与自然的结合，思考体位法对身体每一部份的影响，甚至包含皮肤，发展每一体位法。
It‘s hard to imagine how our yoga would look without Iyengar‘s contributions, especially his precisely detailed, systematic articulation of each asana, his research into therapeutic applications, and his multi-tiered, rigorous training system which has produced so many influential teachers.
很难想象若瑜珈无Iyengar的贡献会变成如何，尤其是在对每一体位法精确细节的解释及有系统的连接，他的研究进入到治疗的应用，其多阶层及精确严格的训练系统深深的影响后进的瑜珈老师。
(待续)