韩语音变
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这玩意儿我到现在都没全整明白 来源:韩岛论坛
规则音变
收音 发音 例子
一.连音
1.条件:”?”、”?”以外的终声加上元音
2.音变:终声→初声
ex) [????] ??[??](谷粒)
二.硬音化
1.
⑴条件:”?-、?-” +”?”
⑵音变:”?”→”?”
ex) [??] ??[??]
2.
⑴条件:”?-、?-、?-、?-、?-、?-、?-”+”?”
⑵音变:”?”→”?”
ex) [??] ??[??] ??[??] ??[??]
3.
⑴条件:”?-、?-、?-、?-、?-、?-”+”?”
⑵音变:”?”→”?”
ex) [???] ??[??] ??[??] ??[??]
4.
⑴条件:”?-、?-、?-、?-、?-、?-、?-、?-”+”?”
⑵音变:”?”→”?”
ex) [???] ???[???]
5.
⑴条件:”?-、?-、?-、?-、?-、?-、?-、?-、?-、?-”+”?”
⑵音变:”?” →”?”
ex) [??] ??[??] ???[???] ??[??]
三.流音化
1.条件:”?-”+”?”
”-”+”?”
2.音变:”?-”→”?”
””→”?”
ex) [??] ????[????] ???[???]
四.激音化
1.
⑴条件:”?-”+”?”
⑵音变:”?” →”?”
ex) [??] ???[???]
2.
⑴条件:”?-”+”?”
⑵音变:”?” →”?”
ex) [??] ????[????]
3.
⑴条件:”?-”+”?”
⑵音变:”?” →”?”
ex) [????] ????[????]
4.
⑴条件:”?-”+”?”
”-”+”?”
⑵音变:”?” →”?”
ex) [??] ??[??]
五.颚化size]
1.
⑴条件:”?-”+”?”
⑵音变:”?” →”?”
ex) [???] ???[???]
2.
⑴条件:”?-(?)”+”?”
⑵音变:”?”→”?”
ex)[??] ???--[???]--[???]
[??]
六.默化
1. 条件:”?-”+元音
2. 音变:”?-” 默化
ex) [??] ???[???]
七.鼻音化
1.
⑴条件:”?-(?-、?-、?-、?-、?-、?-)” + ”?”、”?”
⑵音变:”?-” →”?-”
ex) [???] ???[???] ???[???]
[???] ???[???] ??[??]
2.
⑴条件:”?-(?-、?-、?-、?-)” + ”?” 、”?”
⑵音变:”?-” →”?-”
ex) [??] ???[???] ??[??]
[??] ??[??]
3
⑴条件:”?-(?-、?-、?-、?-)” + ”?” 、”?”
⑵音变:”?-” →”?”
ex) [??] ??[??] ???[???] ???[???]
[??]
4.
⑴条件:”?-” 、”?-”+”?”
⑵音变:”?” →”?”
ex) [??] ??[??] ???[???]
5.部分汉字词中,”?-”+”?” →”?-”+”?”
“-”+”?” →”?-”+”?”
ex) [??] ??[??] ??[??]
[??] ??[??] ??[??]
八.顿音
1.条件:
a.合成词内部、前一单词的末音节终声为”?-、?-、?-、?-” + ”元音”
b.”-”+元音
2. 音变:
a.”-、?-、?-、?-” →”?-”然后连音
b.”-” →”?-”然后连音
ex) —[??]—[??]
—[??]—[??]
—[??]—[??]
—[????]—[????]
九.头音规则
作为单词首音的”?”,除了在少数的外来语词汇中仍发”?”音外,大多数情况下不发音,变化规则如下:
① 汉字词第一个音节为”?”、”?”、”?”、”?”、”?”、”?”时,”?”不发音,发音分别是”?、?、?、?、?、?”
ex) 良心 ??历史 ??龙宫 ??流水
礼节 ??理发
② 汉字词的第一个音节为”?”、”?”、”?”、”?”时,发音分别为”?、?、?、?”
ex)女子 ??要素 ??纽带 ??溺死
③ 汉字词的第一个音节为”?、?、?、?、?、?”时,发音分别为”?、?、?、?、?、?”
ex) 明天 ??乐园 ??老人
贿赂 ??楼阁 ??陵墓
十.音的缩略、脱落和添加现象
①缩略和脱落:
ex) [??] ???[??] ???[??]
[??] ?+??[???]
[??] ??+?[???]
② 添加:(部分合成词中音的添加)
ex) [??] ???[???]
[???] ??[??]
[???]
不规则音变
1.? ?
①没有后续音节时,不发左边的音,只发右边的音。
ex) (生活)[?]
②后续初声时,不发左边的音,只发右边的音,同时把后续软音变为硬音。
ex)(饥饿)[??] ??(像,相似)[??] ??(吟,咏)[??]
③后续元音时,发左边的音,右边的音连音
ex)
+? [??] ??+? [??]
+? [??] ??+?? [???]
+?? [???] ??+?? [???]
+?? [???] ??+??? [????]
2.? ?
①后续初声”?、?、?”时,左边的音照样发音,右边的”?” 与”?、?、?”结合成激音”?、?、?”
ex) [??]
+? [??] ??+? [??]
+? [??] ??+? [??]
+? [??] ??+? [??]
②后续初声”?”时,左边的音照样发音,右边的”?”与”?”结合成硬音”?”.
ex) [??] ??? [???] ?? [??]
③后续元音或”?”时,右边的”?”音消失,左边的”?”或”?”与后续元音连音,后续”?”流音化变为”?”.
ex) [???]
+?--[?? ]—[??]
+??--[???]—[???]
+??--[???]—[???]
+??--[???]—[???]
+?--[??]—[??]
+??--[???]—[???]
+??--[???]—[???](※流音化)
+??--[???]—[???]
3.? ?
部分情况下是规则的,部分情况下不规则
但是在后续以”?”开头的词尾时,只发”?”,并把后续音变为硬音
ex)[??] ??[??] ??[??]
①没有后续音节时,”?”只发左边的音,”?”只发右边的音 ?? ??
ex) [??] ?[?]
②后续元音时,发左边的音,右边的音连音。
ex) +?[??] ??+??[???]
+??[???] ??+???[????]
③上述场合下比较规则,但在后续初声时,有的只发左边的音,有的只发右边的音,同时把后续音变为硬音。
a.””在后续以”?、?、?”开头的词时只发”?”.同时把后续音变为硬音.
ex)[??] ??[??] ??[??]
b.””在词汇”??”后续以”?、?、?、?”开头的词时,只发”?”,同时把后续音变为硬音。
ex)[??] ??[??] ??[??] ??[??]
c.在”??”以外的其他几个次”??”、”??”、”??”等词汇中,后续”?、?、?、?”开头的音时,只发左边的”?”,同时把后续音变为硬音。
ex)[??] ??[??] ??[??] ??[??]
d.特殊的单词:
ex)[????](扁而圆)
[????](宽而薄)
补充
1.硬音化
“-(?-、?-、?-、?-)、?-(?-、?-、?-、?-、?-)、?-(?-、?-、?-、?-)”与”?、?、?、?、?”相连时,”?、?、?、?、?”硬音化,变为”?、?、?、?、?”
ex)[??] ??[??] ??[??] ??[??] ??[??] ??[??] ???[???]
2.“?-(?-)、?-(?-)”与”?、?、?”相连时,”?、?、?”变为硬音。
ex)[??] ??[??] ??[??] ??[??]
3.在汉字词中,终声”?”后面的辅音”?、?、?、?、?”分别发为硬音”?、?、?、?、?”
ex)[??] ??[??] ??[??] ??[??]
4.补充两个音:-/?- +?
ex) → ???
→ ??