linux 2.6 在s3c2410上的移植笔记

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1. 加载kernel后出现如下错误:
NET: Registered protocol family 1
Root-NFS: No NFS server available, giving up.
VFS: Unable to mount root fs via NFS, trying floppy.
VFS: Cannot open root device "mtdblock3" or unknown-block(2,0)
Please append a correct "root=" boot option
Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(2,0)
其中,linux command line is: "noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200"
解决方法,在make menuconfig 后,选中mtd支持,cramfs支持,/dev fs支持。
其中,添加/dev fs支持具体操作如下:
修改fs/Kconfig,支持启动时挂载devfs
$vim fs/ Kconfig
找到menu “Pseudo filesystem”
在其中添加:
config DEVFS_FS
bool “/dev file system support (OBSOLETE)”
default y
config DEVFS_MOUNT
bool “Automatically mount at boot”
default y
depends on DEVFS_FS
之后,boot信息如下:
boot
Copy linux kernel from 0x00030000 to 0x30008000, size = 0x00100000 ... done
zImage magic = 0x016f2818
Setup linux parameters at 0x30000100
linux command line is: "noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock/3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200"
MACH_TYPE = 193
NOW, Booting Linux......
Uncompressing Linux................................................................... done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.15.4 (zjw@zjw.linux) (gcc version 4.1.1) #5 Thu Aug 2 20:47:27 CST 2007
CPU: ARM920Tid(wb) [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T)
Machine: SMDK2410
ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; please update your bootloader.
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2410A (id 0x32410002)
S3C2410: core 200.000 MHz, memory 100.000 MHz, peripheral 50.000 MHz
S3C2410 Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache
CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
Built 1 zonelists
Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock/3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
irq: clearing subpending status 00000007
irq: clearing subpending status 00000002
PID hash table entries: 256 (order: 8, 4096 bytes)
timer tcon=00000000, tcnt a2c1, tcfg 00000200,00000000, usec 00001eb8
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Memory: 32MB = 32MB total
Memory: 30248KB available (1676K code, 376K data, 88K init)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
NET: Registered protocol family 16
S3C2410: Initialising architecture
S3C2410 DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004 Simtec Electronics
DMA channel 0 at c2800000, irq 33
DMA channel 1 at c2800040, irq 34
DMA channel 2 at c2800080, irq 35
DMA channel 3 at c28000c0, irq 36
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (extended precision)
devfs: 2004-01-31 Richard Gooch (rgooch@atnf.csiro.au)
devfs: devfs_debug: 0x0                                                                        //可以看出,已经支持devfs
devfs: boot_options: 0x1
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 80x25
fb0: Virtual frame buffer device, using 1024K of video memory
s3c2410-uart.0: s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2410
s3c2410-uart.1: s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2410
s3c2410-uart.2: s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2410
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-nand: Tacls=1, 10ns Twrph0=4 40ns, Twrph1=1 10ns
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x75 (Samsung NAND 32MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is not recommended !!
Scanning device for bad blocks
Creating 5 MTD partitions on "NAND 32MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x00000000-0x00020000 : "loader"
0x00020000-0x00030000 : "param"
0x00030000-0x001f0000 : "kernel"
0x00200000-0x00600000 : "root"
0x00600000-0x04000000 : "user"
mtd: partition "user" extends beyond the end of device "NAND 32MiB 3,3V 8-bit" -- size truncated to 0x1a00000
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 512 (order: -1, 2048 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
TCP reno registered
TCP bic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
Root-NFS: No NFS server available, giving up.
VFS: Unable to mount root fs via NFS, trying floppy.
VFS: Cannot open root device "mtdblock/3" or unknown-block(2,0)
Please append a correct "root=" boot option
Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(2,0)
根据网上的一些指导,将linux_cmd_line设置为"noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock/3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200",问题
依旧。尝试了几乎所有网上的办法,问题没有得到解决。于是尝试换一个内核,下载了2.6.22的内核,按照2.6.15.4一样
配置编译了内核,当然,该版本的移植步骤有点变化,最主要的区别是,2.6.22的内核已经没有了/arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/dev.c文件,
所以,分区信息要在arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/common-smdk.c中修改static struct mtd_partition smdk_default_nand_part[] 。
boot后:
boot
Copy linux kernel from 0x00030000 to 0x30008000, size = 0x001d0000 ... done
zImage magic = 0x016f2818
Setup linux parameters at 0x30000100
linux command line is: "noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200"
MACH_TYPE = 193
NOW, Booting Linux......
Uncompressing Linux.................................................................................................. done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.22 (zjw@zjw.linux) (gcc version 4.1.1) #3 Sun Aug 5 16:00:32 CST 2007
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
Machine: SMDK2410
ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; please update your bootloader.
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2410A (id 0x32410002)
S3C2410: core 200.000 MHz, memory 100.000 MHz, peripheral 50.000 MHz
S3C24XX Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache
CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
Built 1 zonelists.  Total pages: 8128
Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
irq: clearing subpending status 00000007
irq: clearing subpending status 00000002
PID hash table entries: 128 (order: 7, 512 bytes)
timer tcon=00000000, tcnt a2c1, tcfg 00000200,00000000, usec 00001eb8
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Dentry cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
Memory: 32MB = 32MB total
Memory: 29224KB available (2780K code, 309K data, 132K init)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
NET: Registered protocol family 16
S3C2410 Power Management, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C2410: Initialising architecture
S3C24XX DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
DMA channel 0 at c2800000, irq 33
DMA channel 1 at c2800040, irq 34
DMA channel 2 at c2800080, irq 35
DMA channel 3 at c28000c0, irq 36
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
TCP reno registered
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered (default)
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered
s3c2410-lcd s3c2410-lcd: no platform data for lcd, cannot attach
s3c2410-lcd: probe of s3c2410-lcd failed with error -22
lp: driver loaded but no devices found
ppdev: user-space parallel port driver
S3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
Serial: 8250/16550 driver $Revision: 1.90 $ 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
s3c2410-uart.0: s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2410
s3c2410-uart.1: s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2410
s3c2410-uart.2: s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2410
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize
loop: module loaded
dm9000 Ethernet Driver
Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2
ide: Assuming 50MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx
BAST NOR-Flash Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-nand s3c2410-nand: Tacls=1, 10ns Twrph0=4 40ns, Twrph1=1 10ns
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x75 (Samsung NAND 32MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is not recommended !!
Scanning device for bad blocks
Creating 5 MTD partitions on "NAND 32MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x00000000-0x00020000 : "loader"
0x00020000-0x00030000 : "param"
0x00030000-0x00200000 : "kernel"
0x00200000-0x00600000 : "root"
0x00600000-0x02000000 : "user"
usbmon: debugfs is not available
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000
usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
S3C24XX RTC, (c) 2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-i2c s3c2410-i2c: slave address 0x10
s3c2410-i2c s3c2410-i2c: bus frequency set to 390 KHz
s3c2410-i2c s3c2410-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0)
VFS: Mounted root (cramfs filesystem) readonly.
Freeing init memory: 132K
Warning: unable to open an initial console.
Failed to execute /linuxrc.  Attempting defaults...
看来,mtdblock3已经能认出来了,不知道上个问题是不是2.6.15.4内核本身的问题。现在的问题,好像是cramfs文件系统有问题了。
也可以理解,我下载的是在2.4内核下能成功加载的文件系统,到2.6下可能不行,看来要重新制作文件系统了。
下载了1.6.1版本的buzybox,修改了makefile的arch和CROSS_COMPILER,make menuconfig,选了一些自认为需要的选项。当我选了静态编译后,编译出错,所以最后选的是动态加载,这样的话就要在编译后的添加的lib目录中将交叉编译工具的一些lib拷贝进去了。
make install 后,生成了bin, sbin ,usr三个目录,然后
mkdir mnt root var tmp proc boot etc lib
mkdir /var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool},然后mkcramfs,生成.cramfs文件,下载,boot,问题依旧,
drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0)
VFS: Mounted root (cramfs filesystem) readonly.
Freeing init memory: 132K
Warning: unable to open an initial console.
Failed to execute /linuxrc.  Attempting defaults...
后来发现busybox生成的文件系统根目录下并没有linuxrc,所以无从执行,于是网上搜索了一下,自己编辑了一个linuxrc脚本,属性改为可执行,内容如下:
#!/bin/sh
echo "mount /etc as ramfs"
/bin/mount -n -t ramfs ramfs /etc
/bin/cp -a /mnt/etc/* /etc
echo "re-create the /etc/mtab entries"
/bin/mount -f -t cramfs -o remount,ro /dev/mtdblock/3 /
/bin/mount -f -t ramfs ramfs /etc
exec /sbin/init
重新压缩下载,boot,问题依旧,真是郁闷。仔细分析了启动信息,发现虽然同样在fs/kconfig中添加了devfs的信息并且在内核编译选项中选中了
相应的内容,但是启动信息中并没有体现出来,所以怀疑devfs驱动没有加载,查看了内核的源代码,发现devfs相关的代码已经完全被删除了,看来
linux确实要和devfs断绝关系了,试着将devfs的代码拷回去,编译错误一大堆,估计要移植过去有点工作量,既然说它不好,那我也不必一定要用它
了,强扭的瓜也不甜,所以准备使用udev。
busybox中有一个裁减的udev --〉mdev命令!选上它,又选择了一些其它的命令,重新make install busybox。发现根目录下有了linuxrc文件了!!
不是很确定到底是添加了哪些选项后出来的,也不想去试验了。赶快打包,下载,boot后,终于:
Copy linux kernel from 0x00030000 to 0x30008000, size = 0x001d0000 ... done
zImage magic = 0x016f2818
Setup linux parameters at 0x30000100
linux command line is: "noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200"
MACH_TYPE = 193
NOW, Booting Linux......
Uncompressing Linux.................................................................................................. done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.22 (zjw@zjw.linux) (gcc version 4.1.1) #3 Sun Aug 5 16:00:32 CST 2007
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
Machine: SMDK2410
ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; please update your bootloader.
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2410A (id 0x32410002)
S3C2410: core 200.000 MHz, memory 100.000 MHz, peripheral 50.000 MHz
S3C24XX Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache
CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
Built 1 zonelists.  Total pages: 8128
Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock3 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200
irq: clearing subpending status 00000007
irq: clearing subpending status 00000002
PID hash table entries: 128 (order: 7, 512 bytes)
timer tcon=00000000, tcnt a2c1, tcfg 00000200,00000000, usec 00001eb8
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Dentry cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
Memory: 32MB = 32MB total
Memory: 29224KB available (2780K code, 309K data, 132K init)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
NET: Registered protocol family 16
S3C2410 Power Management, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C2410: Initialising architecture
S3C24XX DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
DMA channel 0 at c2800000, irq 33
DMA channel 1 at c2800040, irq 34
DMA channel 2 at c2800080, irq 35
DMA channel 3 at c28000c0, irq 36
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
TCP reno registered
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered (default)
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered
s3c2410-lcd s3c2410-lcd: no platform data for lcd, cannot attach
s3c2410-lcd: probe of s3c2410-lcd failed with error -22
lp: driver loaded but no devices found
ppdev: user-space parallel port driver
S3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
Serial: 8250/16550 driver $Revision: 1.90 $ 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
s3c2410-uart.0: s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2410
s3c2410-uart.1: s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2410
s3c2410-uart.2: s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2410
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize
loop: module loaded
dm9000 Ethernet Driver
Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2
ide: Assuming 50MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx
BAST NOR-Flash Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-nand s3c2410-nand: Tacls=1, 10ns Twrph0=4 40ns, Twrph1=1 10ns
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x75 (Samsung NAND 32MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is not recommended !!
Scanning device for bad blocks
Creating 5 MTD partitions on "NAND 32MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x00000000-0x00020000 : "loader"
0x00020000-0x00030000 : "param"
0x00030000-0x00200000 : "kernel"
0x00200000-0x00600000 : "root"
0x00600000-0x02000000 : "user"
usbmon: debugfs is not available
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000
usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
S3C24XX RTC, (c) 2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-i2c s3c2410-i2c: slave address 0x10
s3c2410-i2c s3c2410-i2c: bus frequency set to 390 KHz
s3c2410-i2c s3c2410-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0)
VFS: Mounted root (cramfs filesystem) readonly.
Freeing init memory: 132K
init started: BusyBox v1.6.1 (2007-08-04 22:24:34 CST) multi-call binary
starting pid 739, tty ‘‘: ‘/etc/init.d/rcS‘
Cannot run ‘/etc/init.d/rcS‘: No such file or directory
starting pid 740, tty ‘‘: ‘/bin/sh‘
Cannot run ‘/bin/sh‘: No such file or directory
process ‘-/bin/sh‘ (pid 740) exited. Scheduling it for restart.
starting pid 741, tty ‘‘: ‘/bin/sh‘
Cannot run ‘/bin/sh‘: No such file or directory
process ‘-/bin/sh‘ (pid 741) exited. Scheduling it for restart.
starting pid 742, tty ‘‘: ‘/bin/sh‘
终于有点进展了,可是新问题又出现了。重新配置busybox,发现是忘了把shell给选上了,选了ash,make install,
-------------------------------终于,见到了久违的shell!!