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Web 3.0
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Web 3.0 is a term that has been coined with different meanings to describe the evolution of Web usage and interaction among several separate paths. These include transforming the Web into adatabase, a move towards making content accessible by multiple non-browser applications, the leveraging ofartificial intelligence technologies and theSemantic web and three dimensional interaction and collaboration.
Contents
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1 History2 Definitions and roadmap3 Web 3.0 debates3.1 Transforming the Web into a database3.2 An evolutionary path to artificial intelligence3.3 The realisation of the Semantic Web and SOA3.4 Evolution towards 3D3.5 Proposed expanded definition
4 Candidate Web 3.0 technologies5 See also6 References7 External links
[edit] History
The term Web 3.0 first appeared prominently in early 2006 in a blog article byJeffrey Zeldman critical ofWeb 2.0 and associated technologies such asAjax.[1]
In May 2006,Tim Berners-Lee stated[2]:
“ People keep asking what Web 3.0 is. I think maybe when you‘ve got an overlay of scalable vector graphics - everything rippling and folding and looking misty - on Web 2.0 and access to a semantic Web integrated across a huge space of data, you‘ll have access to an unbelievable data resource. ”
—Tim Berners-Lee,A ‘more revolutionary‘ Web
At the Technet Summit inNovember 2006,Jerry Yang, founder and Chief ofYahoo, stated[3]:
“ Web 2.0 is well documented and talked about. The power of the Net reached a critical mass, with capabilities that can be done on a network level. We are also seeing richer devices over last four years and richer ways of interacting with the network, not only in hardware like game consoles and mobile devices, but also in the software layer. You don‘t have to be a computer scientist to create a program. We are seeing that manifest in Web 2.0 and 3.0 will be a great extension of that, a true communal medium…the distinction between professional, semi-professional and consumers will get blurred, creating a network effect of business and applications. ”
—Jerry Yang
At the same Technet Summit,Reed Hastings, founder and CEO ofNetflix, stated a simpler formula for defining the phases of the Web:
“ Web 1.0 was dial-up, 50K average bandwidth, Web 2.0 is an average 1 megabit of bandwidth and Web 3.0 will be 10 megabits of bandwidth all the time, which will be the full video Web, and that will feel like Web 3.0. ”
—Reed Hastings
The term Web 3.0 became a subject of increased interest and debate from late 2006 extending into 2007.
In early 2007, the announcement of an open source search engine byWikia in competition withGoogle andYahoo has created speculation that improved search technologies will be a key feature and battleground of theWorld Wide Web. Wikia could provide a search engine that lets users edit and fine-tune its results.[4]
[edit] Definitions and roadmap
There is considerable debate in both the IT industry and blogging communities about whether Web 3.0 is a valid entity, and what it actually is. It is suggested by many that the term is just anotherbuzzword, while the contrary view is that it as an evolutionary path for the Web as depicted by the following phases:
Web 1.0:Web Browser driven "Interactive Web of Hypertext" pages where presentation, logic, and data are indistinguishableWeb 2.0: Web Services basedAPI driven "Web of Services" that separate "Application Logic" from the intermingled presentation, logic, and data pages ofWeb 1.0. Examples ofWeb 2.0 application profiles include:blogs,wikis, the use ofAjax to improve web application interaction richness, andmashups. Web 2.0 does not explicitly exposeData Models. Web 3.0: The final step in the decomposition of monolithic Web Pages into discrete components that include the Presentation (HTML and (X)HTML), Logic (Web Services APIs), and Data (Data Models) trinity, it transitions Web containment from Web Pages to Web Data. Its emergence simplifies the development and deployment of Data Model drivencomposite applications that provide easy, transparent and organized access to “the world’s data, information, and knowledge”[citation needed]
.
[edit] Web 3.0 debates
There is considerable debate as to what the term Web 3.0 means, and what a suitable definition might be.
[edit] Transforming the Web into a database
The first step towards a "Web 3.0" is the emergence of "The Data Web" as structured data records are published to the Web in reusable and remotely queryable formats, such as XML, RDF and microformats. The recent growth ofSPARQL technology provides a standardized query language and API for searching across distributed RDF databases on the Web. The Data Web enables a new level of data integration and application interoperability, making data as openly accessible and linkable as Web pages. The Data Web is the first step on the path towards the full Semantic Web. In the Data Web phase, the focus is principally on making structured data available using RDF. The full Semantic Web stage will widen the scope such that both structured data and even what is traditionally thought of as unstructured or semi-structured content (such as Web pages, documents, etc.) will be widely available in RDF and OWL semantic formats.[5]
[edit] An evolutionary path to artificial intelligence
Web 3.0 has also been used to describe an evolutionary path for the Web that leads toartificial intelligence that can reason about the Web in a quasi-human fashion. Some skeptics regard this as an unobtainable vision. However, companies such asIBM andGoogle are implementing new technologies that are yielding surprising information such as making predictions of hit songs from mining information on college music Web sites. There is also debate over whether the driving force behind Web 3.0 will be intelligent systems, or whether intelligence will emerge in a more organic fashion, from systems of intelligent people, such as viacollaborative filtering services likedel.icio.us,Flickr andDigg that extract meaning and order from the existing Web and how people interact with it.[5]
[edit] The realisation of the Semantic Web and SOA
Related to the artificial intelligence direction, Web 3.0 could be the realization and extension of theSemantic web concept. Academic research is being conducted to develop software for reasoning, based ondescription logic andintelligent agents. Such applications can perform logical reasoning operations using sets of rules that express logical relationships between concepts and data on the Web.[6]
Sramana Mitra differs on the viewpoint that Semantic Web would be the essence of the next generation of the Internet and proposes a formula to encapsulate Web 3.0.[7]
Web 3.0 has also been linked to a possible convergence ofService-oriented architecture and theSemantic web.[8]
[edit] Evolution towards 3D
Another possible path for Web 3.0 is towards the 3 dimensional vision championed by theWeb3D Consortium. This would involve the Web transforming into a series of 3D spaces, taking the concept realised bySecond Life further.[9] This could open up new ways to connect and collaborate using 3D shared spaces.[10]
[edit] Proposed expanded definition
Nova Spivack has proposed expanding the definition of Web 3.0 to include the convergence of several major complementary technology trends that are reaching new levels of maturity simultaneously including:
Ubiquitous Connectivity, broadband adoption, mobile Internet access and mobile devicesNetwork computing, software-as-a-service business models,Web services interoperability,distributed computing,grid computing andcloud computing Open technologies, Open APIs and protocols, open data formats, open-source software platforms and open data (e.g.Creative Commons,Open Data License) Open identity,OpenID, open reputation, roaming portable identity and personal data The intelligent web,Semantic web technologies such asRDF,OWL,SWRL,SPARQL, Semantic application platforms, and statement-based datastores Distributed databases, the "World Wide Database" (enabled by Semantic Web technologies) Intelligent applications, natural language processing, machine learning, machine reasoning, autonomous agents.[11]
[edit] Candidate Web 3.0 technologies
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This article has been tagged since May 2007.
Artificial intelligenceAutomated reasoningCognitive architectureComposite applicationsDistributed computingKnowledge representationOntology (computer science)Recombinant text[12]Scalable vector graphicsSemantic WebSemantic WikiSoftware agents
[edit] See also
Semantic WebComposite applicationsInternetService-oriented architectureWeb 2.0Web operating systemcmyos
Web MiningWorld Wide Web
[edit] References
^ Jeffrey ZeldmanWeb 3.0, A List Apart (Blog), January 16, 2006^ Victoria Shannon (2006-06-26).A ‘more revolutionary‘ Web. International Herald Tribune. Retrieved on2006-05-24.^ Dan Farber & Larry DignanTechNet Summit: The new era of innovation, ZDNet blog, November 15th, 2006^ Jonathan Thaw,Wikia plans editable Web search engine, Bloomberg News, March 10, 2007 ^ab John Markoff,Entrepreneurs See a Web Guided by Common Sense,New York Times, November 12, 2006^ Phil WainewrightWhat to expect from Web 3.0, ZDNet, November 29, 2005^ Sramana MitraWeb 3.0 = (4C + P + VS), February 14, 2007^ Lee Provoost, Erwan BornierService-Oriented Architecture and the Semantic Web: A killer combination?PDF (274 KiB), University of Utrecht, February 10, 2006^ Andrew WallensteinHollywood hot for Second Life, The Hollywood Reporter, Feb 13, 2007^ Terri WellsWeb 3.0 and SEO, Search Engine News, November 29, 2006^ Nova SpivackThe Third-Generation Web is Coming, KurzweilAI.net, December 17, 2006^ Michael Allan. Project textbender, release 0.1.15, file d/_autoindex-summary.html. SourceForge.net. 2007.release archives,later release online
[edit] External links
John BorlandA Smarter Web, www.technologyreview.com, March 12, 2007Stephen BakerWeb 3.0, Businessweek.com, October 24, 2006
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_3.0"
Categories:Wikipedia articles needing factual verification |Articles with unsourced statements since February 2007 |All articles with unsourced statements |Articles lacking reliable references from May 2007 |Buzzwords |Web services |World Wide Web |Semantic web |Databases |Web 2.0 neologisms
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