Symbian OS及通讯技术术语全解（下）

GSM
Global System for Mobile communications, the most widely used digital mobile phone system and the de facto wireless telephone standard in Europe. Originally defined as a pan-European open standard for a digital cellular telephone network to support voice, data, text messaging and cross-border roaming. GSM is now one of the world‘s main 2G digital wireless standards. GSM is present in more than 160 countries and according to the GSM Association, accounts for approximately 70 percent of the total digital cellular wireless market. GSM is a time division multiplex (TDM) system. Implemented on 800, 900, 1800 and 1900 MHz frequency bands.
全球移动通信系统，使用最广泛的数字手机系统和欧洲事实上的无线电话标准。最初定义为数字蜂窝电话网络的泛欧洲开放式标准，用来支持语音、数据、文本消息和过境漫游。GSM 现在是世界上主要的2G 数字无线标准之一。GSM 存在于160 多个国家中，按照GSM 协会的数字，它约占整个数字蜂窝无线市场的70%。GSM 是一种时分多址(TDM) 系统。它在800、900、1800 和1900MHz 波段实现。
IrDA
1. A suite of protocols for infrared (IR) exchange of data between two devices, up to 1 or 2 meters apart (20 to 30 cm for low-power devices). IrDA devices typically have throughput of up to either 115.2 Kbps or 4 Mbps. IrDA protocols are implemented inSymbian OS phones, many PDAs, printers and laptop computers.
2. The Infrared Data Association, the industry body that specifies IrDA protocols, originally founded by Hewlett-Packard and others.
"1. 一套用来在距离达到1 或2 米（对于低功率设备为20 到30 厘米）的两个设备之间交换数据的红外(IR) 协议。IrDA设备的吞吐率通常可以达到115.2Kbps 或4Mbps。IrDA 协议由Symbian 操作系统手机、许多PDA、打印机和膝上型计算机实现。
2. 红外数据同盟，用来指定IrDA 协议的业内机构，最初是由Hewlett-Packard 和其他公司成立的。"
Java
Industry standard ｏｂｊｅｃｔ-oriented language and virtual machine, invented by Sun Microsystems and formally released in 1996. Java is an ideal language for network applications and applets. Sun‘s Java specifications include many Java APIs and platforms, including the JavaPhone API and PersonalJava platform, which are included inSymbian OS.
"业内标准的面向对象的语言和虚拟机， 由SunMicrosystems 发明，于1996 年正式发布。Java 是网络应用程序和小程序的理想语言。Sun 的Java 规范包括许多Java API 和平台，其中包含Symbian 操作系统中包括的JavaPhone API 和PersonalJava 平台。"
J2ME
Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME): The edition of the Java platform that is targeted at small, standalone or connectable consumer and embedded devices. The J2ME technology consists of a virtual machine and a set of APIs suitable for tailored runtime environments for these devices. The J2ME technology has two primary kinds of components – configurations and profiles.
Java 2 平台，Micro Edition (J2ME)：该版本的Java 平台面向小型的独立或可连接的消费者和嵌入设备。J2ME 技术由虚拟机和一组适用于为这些设备定制的运行时环境的API组成。J2ME 技术有两种主要类型的组件：配置和配置文件。
JavaPhone
A Java API specification controlling contacts, power management, call control, and phonebook management, intended specifically for the programmability requirements of mobile phones.
一种用来控制联系人、电源管理、呼叫控制和电话簿管理的Java API 规范，它专门满足手机的可编程能力要求。
Kernel
Core of an operating system, a kernel manages the machine’s hardware resources (including the processor and the memory), and provides and controls the way any other software component can access these resources. The kernel runs with a higher privilege than other programs (so-called user-mode programs). The power and robustness of an OS‘s kernel play a major role in shaping overall system design and reliability.
在移动设备和固定设备之间短距离传送数据和语音的无线通信的开放式规范。例如，它指定手机、计算机和PDA 之间如何互连、如何与计算机、办公室电话或家庭电话互连。第一代蓝牙允许以最高1Mbps/s 的速率交换数据，即便是在电磁干扰较为厉害的地区。它使用全球可用的波段（2.4 GHz ISM 波段），通过短程无线链路传输和接收数据。
OS
Operating System: historically, the minimal set of software needed to manage a device‘s hardware capability and share it between application programs. Practically, "OS" is now used to mean all software including kernel, device drivers, comms, graphics, data management, GUI framework, system shell application, and utility applications. This would define Windows, Palm OS and MacOS as operating systems. Symbian provides an operating system –Symbian OS – tailored for data-enabled mobile phones.
操作系统：在历史上，是指管理设备能力并在应用程序之间共享该能力所必需的一组最少的软件。实际上，“OS”目前用来表示所有软件，其中包括内核、设备驱动程序、通信、图形、数据管理、GUI 框架、系统shell 应用程序和实用程序。这将把Windows、Palm OS 和MacOS 定义为操作系统。Symbian 提供了一个操作系统Symbian 操作系统，该操作系统是为允许使用数据的手机定制的。
Packet-Switching
Technique whereby the information (voice or data) to be sent is broken up into packets, of at most a few KB each, which are then routed by the network between different destinations based on addressing data within each packet. Use of network resources is optimized, as the resources are needed only during the handling of each packet. This is an ideal model for ad hoc data communication, and works well also for voice, video and other streamed data. Mobile phones with packet-switched communication appear to be "always connected" to the data network, whereas in the case of circuit-switched connections, setup time takes around 30 seconds to connect from a mobile phone to an ISP. Use of packet-switched network can be charged according to the volume of data transferred and not to any notion of time spent online.
该技术将所发送的信息（语音或数据）分成多个数据包，每个数据包最多有几个KB，这些数据包随后由网络基于每个数据包中的寻址数据在不同目标之间发送。由于只在处理每个数据包期间才需要资源，所以优化了网络资源的利用。这对于特别的数据通信是理想模型，且还适用于语音、视频和其他流化数据。具有分组交换通信功能的手机似乎“始终连接”到数据网络，但是，对于电路交换连接，设置时间大约需要30 秒才能将手机连接到ISP。在使用分组交换网络时，可以按照传输的数据量（而非在线时间）收费。
Platform
A set of technology, which acts as a foundation for real-world applications, or higher-level platforms. Symbian OS includes C++ APIs, a leading Java implementation, an application suite and integration with wireless and other communications protocols.
一组技术，它们充当现实应用程序或更高级平台的基础。Symbian 操作系统包括C++API、领先的Java 实现、应用程序套件以及与无线和其他通信协议的集成。
SIM
Subscriber Identity Module. The SIM card is the smart card inserted inside all GSM phones. It identifies the user account to the network, handles authentication and provides data storage for basic user data and network information. It may also contain some applications that run on a compatible phone (SIM Application Toolkit).
用户标识模块。SIM 卡是插到所有GSM 手机中的智能卡。它向网络标识用户帐户，处理身份验证，并为基本用户数据和网络信息提供数据存储。它还可以包含一些可在兼容的手机（SIM 应用程序工具包）上运行的应用程序。
Smartphone
A generic name for voice centric mobile phones with information capability. The Ericsson R380 Smartphone is an example of such a Symbian OS phone.
以语音为中心的具有信息功能的手机的通用名。爱立信R380 Smartphone 就是这样的Symbian 操作系统手机的例子。
SMS
Short Message Service: available on digital GSM networks allowing text messages of up to 160 characters to be sent and received via the network operator‘s message center to your mobile phone, or from the Internet, using a so-called "SMS gateway" website. If the phone is powered off or out of range, messages are stored in the network and are delivered at the next opportunity.
短消息服务：用在数字GSM 网络上，允许手机通过网络运营商的消息中心或者从Internet 上使用所谓的“短消息网关”网站收发最多160 个字符的短消息。如果手机处于关机状态或者不在服务区，短消息会存储在网络中，并在手机下次开机或者重新回到服务区时发送。
Symbian OS
Symbian’s advanced open standard operating system for data enabled mobile phones. It includes a multi-tasking multithreaded core, a user interface framework, data services enablers, application engines and integrated PIM functionality and wireless communications.
Symbian 的高级开放式标准操作系统，面向允许使用数据的手机。它包括一个管理多任务的多线程核心、一个应用界面框架、数据服务启用程序、应用程序引擎以及集成的PIM 功能和无线通信功能。
TDMA
1. Time Division Multiple Access: a digital wireless telephony transmission technique. TDMA allocates each user a different time slot on a given frequency. GSM, D-AMPS, PDC and DECT use TDMA in one form or another.
2. A name generally used for D-AMPS. TDMA networks are operated in the US, Latin America, New Zealand, parts of Russia and Asia Pacific.
"1. 时分多址：一种数字无线电话传输技术。TDMA 在给定频率为每个用户分配不同的时隙。GSM、D-AMPS、PDC 和DECT 分别以某种形式使用TDMA。
2. 通常用于D-AMPS 的名称。TDMA 网络在美国、拉丁美洲、新西兰、俄罗斯部分地区和亚太地区使用。"
Unicode
A 16-bit character encoding scheme allowing characters from Western European, Eastern European, Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Thai, Urdu, Hindi and all other major world languages, living and dead, to be encoded in a single character set. The Unicode specification also includes standard compression schemes and a wide range of typesetting information required for worldwide locale support. Symbian OS fully implements Unicode.
一种16 位的字符编码方案，允许用单个字符集对以下字符进行编码：西欧、东欧、西里尔文、希腊、阿拉伯文、希伯来文、中文、日文、韩文、泰文、乌尔都语、北印度语和所有其他世界主要语言（现存的和已消亡的）。Unicode 规范还包括用来支持世界区域设置的标准的压缩方案和广泛的排版信息。Symbian 操作系统完全实现了Unicode。
vCard
Standard defining the format of an electronic business card. All devices supporting vCard can exchange information such as phone numbers and addresses. For instance a user with a vCard-aware phonebook application on a handheld computer can easily transfer names and phone numbers to a vCard-aware mobile phone.
用来定义电子名片格式的标准。所有支持vCard 的设备都可以交换诸如手机号和地址的信息。例如，如果用户的手提电脑上有能够识别vCard 的电话簿应用程序，则他或她可以方便地将姓名和手机号传送到能够识别vCard 的手机上。
WAP
1. Wireless Application Protocol: a set of communication protocol standards to make accessing online services from a mobile phone simple.
2. WAP was conceived by four companies: Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia, and Unwired Planet (today called Phone.com). The WAP Forum is an industry association with over 200 members. Symbian is a full member of the WAP Forum.
"1. 无线应用协议：一组通信协议标准，用来简化手机中的联机访问服务。
2. WAP 由爱立信、摩托罗拉、诺基亚和Unwired Planet（现在称为Phone.com）等四家公司发明。WAP 论坛是包括200 多个成员的行业协会。Symbian 是WAP 论坛的正式成员。"