Symbian OS及通讯技术术语全解（上）

Symbian OS和一些相关资料，内容不少，而且有些很专业。刚刚才收集整理了一份 技术术语白皮书，在这儿先放上来，大家共享。
1G
In mobile telephony, first-generation systems were analog, circuit-switched. Voice links were poor, handoff unreliable, capacity low, and security non-existent. 1G systems are not now under active development – indeed, in some areas 1G spectrum is being auctioned for 2G and 3G use.
在移动电话技术中，第一代系统是模拟的电路交换系统。语音连接很差、越区切换不可靠、容量小且不具备安全性。目前，已不再积极开发1G 系统— 实际上，在某些地区，1G 频谱正针对2G 和3G 用途进行拍卖。
2G
In mobile telephony, second-generation protocols use digital encoding and include GSM, D-AMPS (TDMA) and CDMA. 2G networks are in current use around the world. These protocols support high bit rate voice and limited data communications. They offer auxiliary services such as data, fax and SMS. Most 2G protocols offer different levels of encryption.
在移动电话技术中，第二代协议使用数字编码，其中包括GSM、D-AMPS (TDMA) 和CDMA。2G 网络目前正在全世界使用。这些协议支持高比特率语音和有限的数据通信功能。它们提供多种辅助服务，如数据、传真和SMS。大多数2G 协议提供不同级别的加密。
2.5G
In mobile telephony, 2.5G protocols extend 2G systems to provide additional features such as packet-switched connection (GPRS) and enhanced data rates (HSCSD, EDGE).
在移动电话技术中，2.5G 协议将2G 系统扩展到提供诸如分组交换连接(GPRS) 的附加功能和更高的数据传输速率(HSCSD、EDGE)。
3G
In mobile telephony, third-generation protocols support much higher data rates, measured in Mbps, intended for applications other than voice. 3G networks trials started in Japan in 2001. 3G networks are expected to be starting in Europe and part of Asia/Pacific by 2002, and in the US later. 3G will support bandwidth-hungry applications such as full-motion video, video-conferencing and full Internet access.
在移动电话技术中，第三代协议支持更高的数据传输速率（以兆比特/秒计算），它们不仅适合于传送语音，更可支持范围广泛的应用。3G 网络试验2001 年开始于日本。到2002 年，已有部分欧洲和部分亚太地区开始使用3G 网络，以后将在美国使用。3G 将支持占用大量带宽的应用程序，如全动感视频、视频会议和完全的Internet 访问。
AMPS
Advanced Mobile Phone System: a 1G standard which operates in the 800-900MHz-frequency band. It is still widely used in the United States.
高级移动电话系统：工作于800-900MHz 波段下的1G 标准。它仍在美国广泛使用。
Analog
The simple way to transmit speech, which is translated into electronic signals of different frequency and/or amplitude. The first networks for mobile phones, as well as broadcast transmissions, were analog. Due to being longer established in some countries, analog networks may offer better coverage than digital networks, however analog phones are less secure and suffer more from interference where the signal is weak. Analog systems include AMPS, NMT and ETACS.
用于传输语音的简单方法，它们转换为不同频率和/或振幅的电子信号。第一个手机网络和广播传输网络都是模拟的。由于模拟网络在一些国家建立的时间较长，所以它可能比数字网络的覆盖面更宽，然而，模拟手机的安全性较差，且在信号较弱的情况下下更容易受到干扰。模拟系统包括AMPS、NMT 和ETACS。
API
Historically, "application programming interface". Practically, an API is any interface that enables one program to use facilities provided by another, whether by calling that program, or by being called by it. At a higher level still, an API is a set of functionality delivered by a programming system, and as such the mix of APIs in a particular system tells you what that system can do.
在历史上是指“应用程序编程接口”。实际上，API 是指允许一个程序使用另一个程序的功能（通过调用另一个程序或被另一个程序调用）的任何接口。从更高层面上讲，API是一组由编程系统提供的功能，同样，特定系统中的不同API 告诉您该系统可以执行的操作。
Bluetooth
An open specification for seamless wireless short-range communications of data and voice between both mobile and stationary devices. For instance, it specifies how mobile phones, computers and PDAs interconnect with each other, with computers, and with office or home phones. The first generation of Bluetooth permits exchange of data up to a rate of 1 Mbps per second, even in areas with much electromagnetic disturbance. It transmits and receives via a short-range radio link using a globally available frequency band (2.4 GHz ISM band).
在移动设备和固定设备之间短距离传送数据和语音的无线通信的开放式规范。例如，它指定手机、计算机和PDA 之间如何互连、如何与计算机、办公室电话或家庭电话互连。第一代蓝牙允许以最高1Mbps/s 的速率交换数据，即便是在电磁干扰较为厉害的地区。它使用全球可用的波段（2.4 GHz ISM 波段），通过短程无线链路传输和接收数据。
bps
Bits per second: a way of quantifying data transmission throughput. It is the number of pieces of information (bits) transmitted or received per second.
比特/秒：一种量化数据传输吞吐量的方法。它是指每秒传输或接收的信息段的数量（比特）。
C++
An industry standard ｏｂｊｅｃｔ-oriented compiled language, formally standardized in 1998, but tracing its history to the early 1980s, with an heritage in C and Simula. C++ is a general-purpose programming language with a bias towards systems programming. C++ runs on most computers from the most powerful supercomputers to the ubiquitous personal computers.Symbian OS is written in C++.
一种工业标准的面向对象的编译语言，于1998 年正式标准化，但是其历史可追溯到二十世纪八十年代早期，它继承了C 和Simula。 C++ 是一种偏向于系统编程的通用编程语言。C++ 可在大多数计算机上运行：从最强大的超级计算机到普遍存在的个人计算机。Symbian 操作系统是用C++ 编写的。
CDMA
Code Division Multiple Access: a digital wireless telephony transmission technique.
1. CDMA allows multiple frequencies to be used simultaneously (Spread Spectrum). The CDMA idea was originally developed for military use over 30 years ago.
2. The CDMA standards used for second-generation mobile telephony are the IS-95 standards championed by QUALCOMM.
"码分多路访问：一种数字无线电话传输技术。
1. CDMA 允许同时使用多个频率（扩展频谱）。CDMA 的概念最初是为军事用途开发的。
2. 用于第二代移动电话技术的CDMA 标准是由QUALCOMM支持的IS-95 标准。"
Cellular radio
The technology that has made large scale mobile telephony possible. Current cellular networks reuse the same radio frequencies by assigning them to cells far enough apart to reduce interference. A cell is the geographical area covered by one radio base station transmitting/receiving in the center. The size of each cell is determined by the terrain, transmission power, and forecasted number of users. Service coverage of a given area is based on an interlocking network of cells, called a cell system.
这项技术已经使大规模移动电话技术成为可能。当前的蜂窝网络通过将相同的无线电频率分配到远远分隔的小室来减少干扰，以重复使用这些频率。小室是由位于中心的无线电基站传输/接收所覆盖的地理区域。每个小室的大小由地形、发射功率和预测的用户数来确定。给定地区的服务覆盖范围基于小室的联锁网络（名为小室系统）。
Circuit-Switching
Means of creating a connection by setting up a dedicated end-to-end circuit, which remains open for the duration of the communication.
建立连接的方法— 通过设置一个在通信期间保持开放的专用的端对端电路。
CLDC
J2ME Connected Limited Device Configuration. The CLDC serves the market consisting of personal, mobile, connected information devices. This configuration includes some new classes designed specifically to fit the needs of small-footprint devices.
J2ME 连接有限设备配置。CLDC 为由个人移动连接信息设备组成的市场提供服务。这种配置包括一些专为满足小型设备的需求而设计的新类别。
Content Provider
A company that provides services to mobile phone users or network operators. These services could be shopping, web surfing, chat rooms, playing games, accessing data such as music and books through a server.
用来向手机用户或网络运营商提供服务的公司。这些服务可以是购物、网络冲浪、聊天室、玩游戏、通过服务器访问数据（如音乐和图书）。
D-AMPS
Digital AMPS (Digital-Advanced Mobile Phone Service) is the digital wireless standard widely used throughout the Americas, Asia Pacific and other areas. D-AMPS uses digital TDMA on the one hand, and is required to be compatible with installed AMPS base station networks on the other. D-AMPS operates on the 800 and 1900 MHz bands.
数字AMPS（数字— 高级手机服务）是广泛用于美国、亚太地区和其他地区的数字无线标准。一方面，D-AMPS 使用数字TDMA，另一方面，D-AMPS 必须与已安装的AMPS基站网络兼容。D-AMPS 使用800 和1900MHz 波段。
DCS 1800
Digital Communications System: another name for GSM working on a radio frequency of 1800 MHz. Also known as GSM1800 or PCN, this digital network operates in Europe and Asia Pacific.
数字通信系统：在1800MHz 无线电频率下工作的GSM 的另一个名称。也称作GSM 1800 或PCN，该数字网络在欧洲和亚太地区使用。
Dual band
Dual band mobile phones can work on networks that operate on different frequency bands. This is useful if you move between areas covered by different networks. Some networks operate on two bands, for instance GSM-1800 in town centers and GSM-900 in the rest of the country.
双频手机可以在不同波段的网络中使用。如果您在由不同网络覆盖的地区之间漫游，则这非常有用。一些网络使用两个波段，例如，GSM-1800 在城市中心使用，而GSM-900 在国家的其余地区使用。
Dual mode
Dual mode mobile phones have more than one air interface and hence can work on more than one network. One example is phones that operate on both digital and analog networks. They are quite useful if you want the advantages of a digital phone, but regularly visit areas where analog is the only service available.
双模式手机有多个空中接口，因此可以在多个网络下工作。既可以在数字网中工作、又可以在模拟网络中工作的手机就是一个例子。如果您希望利用数字手机，但是经常访问只提供模拟服务的地区，则这样的手机相当有用。
EDGE
Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution. An enhanced modulation technique designed to increase network capacity and data rates in GSM networks. EDGE should provide data rates up to 384 Kbps. EDGE will let operators without a 3G license to compete with 3G networks offering similar data services. EDGE is not expected before 2001 at the earliest.
从GSM 演变来的增强的数据速率。它是一种增强的调制技术，旨在增加GSM 网络的容量和数据速率。EDGE 应当提供高达384Kbps 的数据速率。EDGE 将允许没有3G 许可证的运营商与提供类似数据服务的3G 网络进行竞争。预计EDGE 最早不会早于2001 年。
GPRS
General Packet Radio Service: a radio technology for GSM networks that adds packet-switching protocols, shorter set-up time for ISP connections, and offer the possibility to charge by amount of data sent rather than connect time. GPRS promises to support flexible data transmission rates typically up to 20 or 30 Kbps (with a theoretical maximum of 171.2 Kbps), as well as continuous connection to the network. A 2.5G enhancement to GSM, GPRS is the most significant step towards 3G, needing similar business model, and service and network architectures. GPRS started to appear in some networks during 2000.
通用分组无线业务：一种GSM 网络技术，其中增加了分组交换协议，缩短了ISP 连接的设置时间。并实现了按发送的数据量（而非连接时间）收费的可能性。GPRS 承诺支持通常高达20 或30Kbps（最大理论值为171.2Kbps）的灵活的数据传输速率，以及与网络的不间断连接。GPRS 是对GSM 的2.5G 增强，它是面向3G 的最重要的步骤，它需要类似的业务模型以及服务和网络结构。GPRS 于2000 年开始出现在某些网络中。