神马文学网ＣＥＴ４作文模板1
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ＣＥＴ４作文模板
一、说明原因型模块
Currently, XX has been the order of the day. This does demonstrate the theory —— nothing is more valuable than XX It is clear that (1). If you (2), as a result, your dreams will come true. On the contrary, if you (3).Failure will be following with you. It turns out that all your plan falls through. No one can deny another fact that (4).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (5).It will exert a profound influence upon (6).With reference to my standpoint, I think (7).
注释：
1、XX的第一个优点
2、支持XX的做法
3、不支持XX的做法
4、XX的第二个优点
5、举例证明优点二
6、说明XX优点三的影响
相应作文：
The importance of self-confidence Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day. This does demonstrate the theory —— nothing is more valuable than self-confidence. It is clear that (self-confidence means trust in one's abilities). If you (are full of self-confidence, it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result, your dreams will come true. On the contrary, if you (have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything ). Failure will be following with you。It turns out that all your plan falls through. No one can deny another fact that (self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (the secret of MMe. Curie lies in perseverance and self-confidence, the latter in particular). It will exert a profound influence upon (the achievement of one's ambitions). With reference to my standpoint, I think (he that can have self-confidence can have what he will).
二、说明原因型模块
In recent years, XX has caused a heated debate on (1). The factors for (2).First of all, (3).Then, there comes a case that (4). Moreover, (5). Especially when (6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind people that (7).In this way, we should behave just like (8).
相应作文：
The impact of Television In recent years, with the development of science and technology, 80 percent of all homes in
三、说明原因型模块
For most of us today, (1). From above, we can find that the reasons why (2)are as follows.The primary reason, I think, is (3).Second, (4). The third reason, actually, is (5). The significance for (6). Therefore, (7).
注释：
1、人们针对XX的态度和举措
2、归纳现状
3、第一个原因
4、第二个原因
5、第三个原因
6、重申造成现状的最重要原因
相应作文：
Pollution Most of us today (recognize that environmental pollution has been a greatly serious problem. lots of plants trees corps are destroyed by bad air. many fish die of poisonous water. thousands of people die from eating poisoned fish or breathing in gas. therefore, environmental pollution should be responsible for these diseases that are disabling, or bringing death not only to human beings, but also to wild life.)From above, we can find that the reasons why (environment are polluted more and more seriously)are as follows. the primary reason, I think, is (the reason of harmful substances into environment. for example, to prevent insects, farmers make use of great amounts of insecticides, so as to have bumper harvests. however, they pollute air, water and land ).Second,(the gas coming from the car engines and factories also make environment polluted badly ). the third reason actually is (the result of a growing population in the world. everyday, so much litter and waste are poured out from houses, also pollute the environment ). The significance for (controlling pollution) noted that it's high time that more effective measures should be taken. Therefore, (new laws should be passed to limit the amount of pollutants from factories. moreover, in the households, there is an obvious need to reduce litter and waste. let's make our good efforts, and the world will be a safer place to live for us).
四、说明原因型模块
These days we often hear that (1).It is common that (2). Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing, (3).For another, (4). What is more, since
(5),it is natural that (6).To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying. We should do something such as (7) to improve he present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.
注释：
1、提出论题
2、说明现状
3、理由一
4、理由二
5、理由三
6、理由三引起的后果
7、解决方法
相应作文：
Pollution of environment These days we often hear that (our living conditions are getting more and more serious because of the destruction of our environment ).It is common that (many trees and animals are near extinction, and the all-important food chain has been destroyed.). Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing, (the population of the world is increasing so rapidly that the world has been so crowded. ).For another,(the overuse of natural resources has influenced the balance of natural ecology ). What is more, since (the industrial revolution ),it is natural that (a great number of factories have been springing up like mushrooms. The smoke and harmful chemicals released from factories also pollute the environment). To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worthing. We should do something such as (planting more trees, equipping cars with pollution-control devices and learning to recycling natural resources )to improve the present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.
图表式作文写作模板
It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of……(多少). What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are…… (多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all,……(第一个原因). More importantly,……(第二个原因). Most important of all,……(第三个原因). From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).
提纲式作文写作模板
1、对立观点式
A. 有人认为X 是好事，赞成X，为什么？
B. 有人认为X 是坏事，反对X，为什么？
C. 我的看法。
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。
2、批驳观点式
A．一个错误观点。
B．我不同意。Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。 There might be some element of truth in these people's belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。
3、社会问题(现象)式
A．一个社会问题或者现象
B．产生的原因
C．对社会和我们生活的影响
D．如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话)
E．前景的预测。
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。 There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。 X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 同上Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will……
辩论式议论文模版（一）
Some people believe (argue, recognize, think)that
观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that
观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all,
论据1. More importantly,
论据2. Most important of all,
论据3. In summary, 总结观点。 As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心。或From above, we can predict that 预测。
辩论式议论文模版（二）
People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that
观点1. While others point out that
观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. For one thing,
论据1. For another,
论据2. Last but not the least,
论据3. To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心。或From above, we can predict that 预测。
辩论式议论文模版（三）
There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(争论的焦点)。Some people are of the view that
观点1. While others take an opposite side, firmly believing that
观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious. First of all,
论据1. Furthermore,
论据2. Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is,
论据3. A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that 总结观点。As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心。或 From above, we can predict that 预测
四级作文35个加分句型
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/ heard/ had/ read, etc)
例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.
没有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.（再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。）
例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
四、There is no denying that + S + V ……（不可否认的……）
例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ （全世界都知道……）
例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ （毫无疑问的……）
例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 （……的优点是……）
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution.
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （……的原因是……）
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 （如此……以致于……）
例句：So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
十、Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V~~~ （虽然……）
例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}
虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~
The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~（愈……愈……）
例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.
你愈努力，你愈进步。
The more books we read, the more learned we become.
我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。
十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ （借着……，……能够……）
例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。
十三、~~~ enable + Object（受词）+ to + V （……使……能够……）
例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.
听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
十四、On no account can we+ V ~~~ （我们绝对不能……）
例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
十五、It is time + S + 过去式 （该是……的时候了）
例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
十六、Those who ~~~ （……的人……）
例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
十七、There is no one but ~~~ （没有人不……）
例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.
没有人不渴望上大学。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V （不得不……）
例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.
既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 （可想而知的）
It is obvious that + 句子 （明显的）
It is apparent that + 句子 （显然的）
例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why ~~~ （那就是……的原因）
例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don't like it.
夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
二十一、For the past+ 时间，S + 现在完成式……（过去……年来，……一直……）
例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.
过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
二十二、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。
例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ （……是值得的。）
例句：It pays to help others.
帮助别人是值得的。
二十四、be based on （以……为基础）
例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
二十五、Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的）
例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 （让……明白……事）
例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.
我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
二十七、be closely related to ~~ （与……息息相关）
例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health.
做运动与健康息息相关。
二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving
= make it a rule to + V （养成……的习惯）
We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.
我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。
二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~ （因为……）
例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.
因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!
= How + Adj + a + N + V!（多么……！）
例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
遵守诺言是多么重要的事！
三十一、Leave much to be desired （令人不满意）
例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.
我们的交通状况令人不满意。
三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~ （对……有很大的影响）
例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.
抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
三十三、do good to （对……有益），do harm to （对……有害）
例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。
Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。
三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ （对……造成一大威胁）
例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。
三十五、do one's utmost to + V = do one's best （尽全力去……）
例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.
我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标
四六级高分作文的模式。
一、 四六级写作技法和策略
1． 对应法
由于四六级写作都是提纲式写作，有时，我们可以采用对应法按照中文提纲分别写成三段。
如：96年6月份考题：
提纲：1） 有人认为淡水是取之不尽的。（雨水、河水、井水……）
2） 实际上淡水是非常紧缺的。（人口增加、工业用水增加）
3） 我们应该怎么办？
Global Shortage of Fresh Water
Generally, people think that fresh water is inexhaustible. Every year there is enough rain. And there is plenty of fresh water in the rivers and lakes. What's more, we have a lot of underground water.
Actually, fresh water is in a short supply. Due to the rapid population increase, fresh water consumption remains great. Besides, with the development of industry, more water is needed. Moreover, a lot of our rivers and lakes have been so polluted that water from them is undrinkable.
We must take some measures to solve the problem of water shortage.First, population growth should be slowed down to reduce fresh water demand.Second, pollution should be controlled to purify fresh water in the riversand lakes. What is most important, we should cherish every drip of water in our daily life.
再如：95年1 月份试题：
提纲：1） 有人认为钱是幸福之本（source of happiness）
2） 有人认为金钱是万恶之源(root of evil)
3） 我的看法。
Some think that money is the source of happiness. Once they have money, they will enjoy everything. They can use the money they have to buy, a beautiful house or even a wife.
Some others think that money is the root of all evil. Due to the greed for money, people will do various kinds of evil things, such as stealing, robbing or even murder. Money can easily change a kind, honest man into a cruel, cunning woe.
In my opinion, both of the above-mentioned viewpoints go to an extreme. Money itself is neither good nor evil. It all depends on how we look at it.
We can not deny the importance of money in the modern society. Meanwhile, we should not ignore the fact that something can not be bought by money, such as friendship, true love and so on.
这两例都是采用了对应写作方式，将提示中的三句分别扩展成三段，三段之间相互衔接，构成一个完整的篇章。
2．调整法
尽管是提纲式写作，提纲所提示的只是文章所要包括的主要内容，却不是文章的结构模式，一般情况下，同学们应根据英语文章的类型，重新安排文章。如上面有关'钱'的一个写作，按照英语的表达习惯，最好是加上一个引子。
What is money? To this question, different people hold differently. Some thing money is the source of happiness, while some regard it as the root of all evils. As far as I am concerned, they both have their reasons Those who consider money as the source of happiness argue that money means massive house, beautiful clothes, or luxurious cars, and can enable them and their families live comfortably. They even believe that money can bring power, friendship, and love. But due to the temptation of money, there are many people who become thieves, robbers, or murderers. It is also out of the greed for money that some officials forget their duty and cause enormous losses to the country, so some people think that money is the root of all evil and suggest that we keep away from money.
In fact, money is merely a medium of exchange. It may bring you happiness; it may lead you to a life of crime. Whether it is good or bad depends on how it is used.
二、 首段和尾段的写作
上一讲中我们介绍了段落的扩展模式，也就是说，我们已经了解了文章中间一部分的叙述模式。根据四六级写作的特点，一般首段和尾段都要自己补上，那么怎么才能写好首尾段呢，下面我介绍一下，首尾段的写作方式。
1．首段的写作
首段的写作方式一般为：
运用事实性信息、调查或故事等引出话题，2）导入主题，然后提出自己的观点，也就是文章的论点
首段开篇的方式常见的有：
1） 谚语法
由于谚语一般已经被大家所接受，用谚语提出自己的观点也容易被读者所接受。
As the saying goes, 'Money makes the mare go', but there are many things we can't buy with money, such as time and true love. …
2） 定义法
定义法是通过对文章中的关键词做一些简单或正面或反面的解释，限定其范围，这样比较有利于引出主题。
'Practice makes perfect' is an old saying. It tells us that it does not matter if we are clumsy at doing something. As long as we keep on trying and practicing, we will do a good job in the end.
3） 提问法
通过提问一个或一连串的问题，可以激发读者的兴趣，从而引出主题。
a. Do you have many friends? Are they similar to you or different from you? Which kind of friends do you prefer?
b. What is a good student? Different people may have different answers to this question.
4） 概括法
概括法指先总结文章内容所涉及的现状，然后引出主题。
In recent years, with the development of science and technology, the Internet has come into more and more homes and is playing a more and more important role in our work and daily life. It has become a must to us, but at the same time, Internet has also brought with it a lot of problems.
5） 故事法
故事法指用简单有趣的故事激发读者的兴趣，从而提出自己的观点。如下面'Is Stress a Bad Thing?'
6） 引语法
'Just as eating without liking harms the health, learning without interest harms the memory and can't be retained.' From Vinci's words we can see how important it is to motivate the students in language learning.
7） 调查法
为了得到读者的认可，文章的开始可以引出调查数据等，借以提出主题，如下面'Is Stress a Bad Thing?'的1）和'Can School children Start Using the Internet?'的4）。
8） 假设法
假设法是指通过假设提出一种选择，交代文章要涉及的问题，从而提出文章的主题。
Suppose you were offered two jobs, one is highly-paid but rather demanding, the other is less demanding, but poorly-paid, which would you prefer? …
9） 综合法
具体写作时，同学们没有必要拘泥于一种方式，可以将上述方法总和起来。
首段示例1：
题目：Is Stress a Bad Thing?
提纲：1）有人害怕压力
2） 有人认为压力并不是一件坏事
3） 我的看法
' I can't stand the pressure and competition,' explained one friend of mine when asked why he decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding position in his company recently. My friend may have his own reasons, but I don't think his decision is wise in reality.
It is true that my friend's case is not unique. In the last few years quite a number of men and women have chosen to do something less competitive at the cost of a comfortable, easy life a highly-paid job can obtain. They are afraid that the stresses and strains of work will rob them of joy and happiness and do them harm both physically and mentally. In fact, however, stress isn't the bad thing it is often supposed to be. Unless it gets out of control, a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and challenge, and to give purpose and significance to an otherwise meaningless, idle life. People under stress tend to express their full range of potential and to actualize their own personal worth - the very aim of a human life.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. What we can do is to develop our adaptive abilities to deal with it rather than to escape from it.
就这一标题而言，根据所提示的提纲，首段的写作还可以采用下列方式：
1) According to a recent survey, in the last few years, quite a number of young people have chosen to quit their demanding but highly-paid jobs.
Although they may have their own respective reasons, I don't think their decision is wise in reality.
2) Which job do you prefer, a highly-paid but very competitive position or a poorly-paid but also less demanding job? You may choose the latter and have your own reasons, but I don't think this choice is wise enough whatever reasons.
3) Faced with a hard and demanding task, people's attitude varies widely: some try to avoid it and others regard it as a challenge to their abilities.
In fact the choice we make between 'flight' or 'fight make the difference between leaders and mediocrities(平庸之辈).
首段示例2：
标题：Can Schoolchildren Start Using the Internet?
提纲： 1）随着科技的发展，网络越来越普及；
2）网络有其优点但也有缺点；
3）我的观点
根据上面的提示，首段可有下列几种方式：
1) Nowadays, using the Internet has become a fashion. Many parents begin to teach their children to use the Internet. However, there are diverseopinions on this. Some think it wise, but I don't agree with them.
2) Today, the Internet is becoming more and more common. It begins to play a more and more important role in our society and life. It's so useful that most adults are learning how to use it. What about children? Of course they can start using it.
3) Today, with the development of science and technology, the Internet is beginning to play a more and more important role in our life. More and more people are starting to use the Internet, including schoolchildren. However, I think schoolchildren are too young to start using the Internet.
4) According to a recent survey, Internet users are becoming younger and younger, and Internet bars have become a resort for schoolchildren who log in to chat or play games. Faced with this phenomenon, many people argue for measures to prevent schoolchildren from using the Internet, and I think they have their reasons.
2． 结论段的写作
结论一般采用归纳概括、主题重述或提建议等方式。
常见的方式有：
1） 重述或总结主题
重述主题指于结论处以另外一种表达方式重申主题，与首段照应。
Families offer us warmth and care. Friends give us strength and horizon. They both help us understand the world as it is. Both of them are the dearest parts in our life.
2） 提出建议
Since postcards do us more harm and good, since we have many other ways to convey our feelings and promote our friendship, I hope everyone will take actions now to stop using postcards.
3） 概括总结
As we can see from the above, living in the suburb we can stay away from pollution, lead an easy leisure time, and needn't invest too much money, so I prefer living in the suburb to living in the city.
4） 引用名人名言
In particular, I enjoy what Francis Bacon said 'Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability.'
5)综合法
与首段一样，结论段也可以是多种方法的综合。一般说来，总结加建议的比较多。
尾段示例1：
如'网络'的结论段可以如下所示：
10） As we all know, the next century will become one of the Internet.
Internet will become more and more important in both our daily life and our work. So I suggest that schoolchildren should start using the Internet.
11） So I think schoolchildren not only can start using the Internet, but also should start using it They are sure to benefit a lot from the internet.
12） Internet can help our children know the world, get useful information and enrich their knowledge. So I think schoolchildren can start using the Internet.
13） In a word (In conclusion/ In summary/ To sum up / In short), the Internet is playing a more and more important role in our life and it is helpful for children's growth both physically and mentally. It is better for them to start using the Internet as early as possible.
3．转承语的使用
根据不同的段落要求，选择适当的转承语
1) 比较对照
比较：like A, B …
Just as A, B …
A, similarly/correspondingly, likewise/in the same way, B …
对照： Unlike/ Contrary to/ As opposed to A, B …
A , however/on the other hand/in contrast, B ……
A …, B, however/on the other hand/in contrast, …
2)列举
First/ Second (Next) / Third (Then)/ Last (Finally), …
The fist/ The second/ The third/ The last (The final)
Firstly/Secondly/Thirdly/Last(Finally)
One/Another/Still another/The last
The most essential/most important/primary/chief is …
3) 因果
as a result, consequently, therefore, hence, so, because of this, for these reasons, due to the fact that
4 起承转合常用语
1）'起'的常用语
When asked about/ When it comes to/ Faced with …, some people claim/think/argue/believe that …, but/while others …(differently)
Nowadays there is much/general discussion as to ….
With the development/improvement/growth of …,
Now, it is commonly/widely/increasingly believed/thought/held/acknowledge that …,
According to a recent survey/investigation/poll, …
Have you ever thought/wondered …?
Suppose …
As the saying goes, …
2) '承'的常用语
Those who hold ….
It is true that …
To be sure ……
First/Firstly …
The main/leading/underlying/root/ primary/chief/essential ….
'承接上文'的方式与文章的段落结构有关，比较的与列举的不同，与举例的也不
同。同学们应根据具体的情况选择适当的承接语。
3）'转'的常用语
It sounds like a good(attractive) idea (suggestion), but they fail to understand (see, notice
There is probably an element of truth in the arguments (ideas), but they ignore a more important (basic) fact …
Closer examination (analysis), however, suggests (shows) that this argument (claim, idea) may not be borne of (supported) by the following evidence (facts, examples, statistics).
Close (careful) examination (analysis) of these arguments (ideas, suggestions), however, would reveal (suggest, prove) how flimsy (不足信的，不严密)(fallacious（靠不住的）, groundless（没有根据的）) they are.
However logical (sound, forcible(有说服力)) these arguments may be, they don't make sense (only skim the surface of the problem) when … is viewed the other way (taken into consideration).
As opposed to (Contrary to) the widely (commonly, generally) held idea (belief, view), new studies (facts) challenge (fail to justify) the opinion (view).
Good/Superior/Wonderful as …., it has its own disadvantages/ it brings its own problems.
They may be right about …, but they seem to neglect /fail to mention/take into account …
In all the discussion and debate over …, one important/basic fact is ignored/overlooked/neglected.
It is true that/ Admittedly, but it is unlikely/doesn't follow/doesn't mean that …
There is an element of truth in these arguments/statements, but they ignore a deeper and more basic/essential/important fact/factor …
In many cases, however, …
As far as …… is concerned, …
4) '合'的常用语
Experience/Evidence/All the facts suggest/show/demonstrate/ indicate that …
From what has been discussed above/Taking into account all these factors, we may safely draw/reach/come to/arrive/ the conclusion that…
In conclusion/To sum up/In summary/In short/To conclude ….
It is important/necessary/essential that effective/proper/powerful actions/measure/remedies should be taken to …
三、四六级作文的谋篇布局
谋篇布局(1)
- 将提示的第一句作为文章的第一句
- 将提示的第三句作为第一段的最后一句
- 将提示的第二句展开成文章的中心段落
- 结论段归纳概括，提出建议。
例证
标题：City Life and Suburban Life
提纲：1) 最近几年越来越多的人迁往近郊居住
2）城市生活和近郊生活各有特点
3） 比较起来，我喜欢的是……
In recent years more and more homes are being pushed outwards as the activities of business, government and pleasure tend to be concentrated in the centers of the cities. Although most people are reluctant to move to the outskirts of the cities, I feel like living in the suburbs.
It is true that the city can provide much convenience and entertainment, the very reason why people can't bear to part with city life. But the cost for the privilege of living in the city is also high. What's more, there is more gas and noise pollution in the city, which is full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the roar of buses and taxies, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. In contrast, living near the countryside one can enjoy the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the quiet, peaceful surroundings —— the essentials of a healthy life. Although living in the suburbs one may suffer a little discomfort brought about by the necessity of traveling miles to work every day, it means nearly nothing when thinking of the high cost and heavily polluted environment of the city
The new suburban life is fast becoming a predominant pattern of living in most cities; and with the improvement of traffic and the perfection of services, it will prove to hold great superiority over city life.
谋篇布局（2）
- 根据话题加引段，于段尾提出自己的观点（也就是提示中的第三句要求内容）
- 将提示的第一句和第二句写成文章的中心段落
- 根据文章的叙述重点，总结全文，提出方法等。
例证
标题： My View on College Students' Part-time Jobs
提纲：1）有人认为大学生做兼职工作很有好处；
2）然而，有人认为大学生做兼职工作弊多利少；
3）我的看法
Nowadays, an increasing number of college students are doing part-time jobs. People hold different opinions on that.
Some people think that there are many advantages for college students to have part-time jobs. Firstly, part-time jobs offer them opportunities to apply what they have learned in school and demonstrate their abilities.
Secondly, it enables them to be more independent of their family and builds up their self-confidence. Thirdly, part-time experiences may be of great help to their future careers. Finally, part-time jobs can broaden their college lives and help them know more of themselves and society.
However, some other people hold that doing part-time jobs has more disadvantages. The main job of college students is to study, not to work. If they have part-time jobs, they may have to reduce their time for sleep, rest, study and activities. Working several hours a day consumes a lot of time and energy and may affect their studies. As a result, they may find it hard to adjust to what the college expects of them as well as their employers expect, and finally, they may fall behind or fail in their studies.
In my opinion, students can choose to take up a part-time job according to their own situation. The most important thing for them is to keep a good balance between part-time jobs and his study.
谋篇布局（3）
- 将提示的第一句和第二句合为第一段，于段尾提出自己的观点；
- 说明自己的理由；
- 结论段总结全文
例文
标题：How to Achieve Success
提纲：1）有人说成功主要靠运气；
2）有人则认为成功主要靠勤奋，与运气毫无关系;
3）我的观点
Some people say the key to success is the luck, while others claim it is hard work. As far as I am concerned, there are many factors contributing to success and the three fundamental ones are diligence, devotion and perseverance.
Diligence is the first key factor to success. Diligence helps us remove ignorance, overcome difficulties, and enlighten our minds. It makes a fool wise, and a poor man rich. Devotion is another factor to success. Whatever we do, we must love it and do it whole-heartedly. Only when we set our minds on the job, can we do it well. Furthermore, perseverance, or a strong will, is the last key to success. Without a strong will, we are likely to give up when we meet some difficulties, let alone perform wonderful deeds.
To conclude, all great men achieve success through diligence, devotion and perseverance. Just as the famous saying goes, 'No pains, no gains', 'Where there is a will, there is a way.'
谋篇布局（4）
将提示中的第一句做为第一段主题句，然后拓展开
将提示的第二句做为第二段的主题句，拓展说明
将提示的第三句拓展成第三段，但注意与上面两段的照应，使其有总揽全文的作用
例文
标题：On Housing Reform
提示：1）旧房屋政策的弊端；
2）房改带来的好处；
3）我怎么办？
The old house-allotting policy had at least two disadvantages. First, the government spent a lot of money building some houses, but these houses were allotted to people free of charge. Thus, the government would have no money to build more houses for people who badly needed them. Second, the persons who were in power could get more houses than those who were powerless. This was quite unfair.
On the contrary, the new system of house allotment may bring about many new things. For example, the government will have more money which can be used in house construction. So, the housing industry can develop more quickly. Besides, because houses will be sold to people, the chances they get will be equal
When I enter the society, I would get a loan from the bank to buy my own house. Then, I would try to pay back the loan in the shortest time possible.
After that, I would proudly claim: 'Now, I am the master of that house.'
谋篇布局（5）
将提示中的第一句作为文章的第一段，并提主题；
举例说明自己的观点；
结论重述主题
例文
标题：On Punctuality
提示：
1） 准时在现代生活中仍然很重要；
2） 试举例说明
In our modern life, punctuality is one of the most important qualities that any person should possess. Punctuality demonstrates that you are reliable and can be trusted with responsibilities. Besides, it can make a person a good man. And if you are not punctual, you may injure others.
We should practice punctuality for the sake of others, as well as ourselves.
He who is punctual will accomplish far more in a day than he who is not so.
Neglect of punctuality may injure both to others and to oneself. An applicant may be turned away just for the sake of being late for the interview. Students coming late for class will undoubtedly interrupt the teacher. Therefore, we ought never to say 'It is only once —— I will not do so again' to excuse ourselves; otherwise we will be tardier and we will fail in our society.
In a word, if we form the habit of punctuality at school, it will be of great advantage to us in our future life.
四、参考范文
1． Why College Students Take a Part-time Job
a. 最近几年越来越多的大学生加入打工的队伍
b. 为什么大学生打工
c. 大学生打工的意义
According to a recent survey, about 25 percent of Chinese college students now hold a part-time or temporary job, compared with nearly none 10 years ago, and this figure increases to 72 percent during summer vacations. College students are working as tutors, salespersons, engineers and doing whatever work they can find.
Why do they want odd jobs —— jobs usually requiring little skill and knowledge? The primary reason, I think, is money. Feeling the financial pressure as books, movies and bus fares have all gone up in price, there is scarcely a young boy or girl who does not want to earn a little money to
help cover the increasingly higher college costs, and at best save enough to go traveling or buy things they have long desired. In this way they hope to be economically independent and avoid the indignity of having to ask for money again and again. Besides they want to gain some experience in the ways of society. Students growing up from nursery school to college only know about books and have trouble dealing with realities. Working on a part-time basis can provide them with a rare opportunity to know the outside world and prepare them for a future career.
The significance for college students of doing a part-time job means more than money and experience. It will broaden their outlook and exert a profound influence on their personality and life.
2. The Job I like Best
a. 我最喜欢的工作是 ……
b. 我为什么要选择这个工作
c. 结论
In the past three years of my college life I have never ceased to think what kind of work I shall take up upon graduation. Although my ideas are not consistent, I have now decided on a college teacher as my lifelong career.
A variety of reasons have led me to choose this occupation over other more lucrative ones.
First, teaching is learning. To make my lectures more constructive and stimulating, I have to read more books, explore new knowledge and gain a better understanding of the world —— the very thing I enjoy in my life.
Second, teaching means freedom and independence. As a teacher, I'm free to use my own ideas and make my own decisions, a privilege not everyone can have, even those with highly-paid positions. Finally, I like teaching because it offers a certain peace of mind. No more rushing to catch a morning bus, no more anxiety to please a boss, no more worries about your paycheck which is steady, if not handsome
Nothing, not even a big salary, can equal for the opportunity to continue learning, the satisfaction of being your own boss, and a gentle peace of life. (归纳全文，强化全文的中心论点)
3. How to Solve the Energy Problem
a. 有人认为解决能源危机的方式是厉行节约
b. 有人则认为开发新的能源是最好的办法
c. 我的看法
When asked about one of the biggest problems today, many people say that an energy crisis is approaching and is threatening mankind's survival. They are afraid that the world is likely to run out of oil and metals and to run short of food in the near future.
To this problem, most countries respond with the demand for more rigid conservation of our natural resources. Indeed, this is urgently needed, for the present waste of energy in industrial and personal consumption is so serious that it has become habitual and traditional. If the natural resources are used economically, we can certainly slow down the present drain on the limited energy supply. However, conservation alone is not the answer. It is obvious that even if we can save much energy, we can only delay the energy crisis, but cannot solve the problem completely. However abundant certain natural resources may be, they cannot reproduce themselves and are bound to be used up ultimately. So in the long run, we must develop new sources of energy instead of merely conserving the known, limited supplies.
Man is highly adaptable and creative, and since he is able to tap such resources as oil and metal, why can't he develop and harness solar energy, nuclear energy and other unknown energy resources?
4. The Internet
a. 什么是英特网
b.英特网的作用
c. 英特网对社会的影响
The Internet
The later part of the 1990s finds the worlds 'the Internet' become fashionable in people's daily life. The Internet is a network of thousands of networks, linking schools, universities, businesses, government agencies, libraries and millions of individuals.
Something like 'information superhighways', the internet can bring many conveniences into the school, home and office. College students can check the card catalogue of Library of Congress in the
The Internet exerts such a profound effect on our life that it revolutionizes the way of people's living and thinking.
5. Advantages and Disadvantages of Home Computers
a. 家用电脑的普及
b．家用电脑的好处
c．家用电脑带来的问题
Just a few years ago, the idea of having a computer in one's home seemed far-fetched for most Chinese. Now, however, with the advent and popularity of the home computer, its advantages and disadvantages have been a subject of discussion.
There is no doubt that like TV, computers benefit people hugely. With the computer, the home will become a library, a school, an office and an entertainment center. All transactions, from banking to shopping, will be performed electronically and all information, form train schedules to discount price goods, will be as close as the press of a key. In addition to providing us many of the facilities and services we now must travel to obtain, with the Internet, the computer will even let us communicate directly with other homes and with information sources worldwide. Despite the increase in efficiency and convenience generated by the computer, the changes it brings could very well lead to potentially adverse consequences.
For example, as nearly all activities could be conducted in the comfort of our homes, we could all become hermitlike, never feeling any need to leave the house. This would be unfortunate because our children especially will become so addicted to computers that they might never be exposed to either peer pressure or social interaction.
Unquestionably, the challenge of the home computer means we all should consider how we can control it, so that it won't control us.
6. Should Euthanasia Be Legalized
a.有人赞成实行安乐死
b.有人反对安乐死合法化
c.我的看法
Euthanasia, a quite and easy death, or 'mercy killing' as we call it recently has made the headlines frequently. Many people applaud it and argue that euthanasia should be legalized.
As is pointed out, to practise euthanasia can benefit both the patient and his family. To a terminally ill person who is suffering excruciating pains day and night or living 'like a vegetable', to be allowed to end his life painlessly is a good release. To his family it is also a big relief considering the financial and emotional drain on them that having to sustain his life entails. However, the legalization of euthanasia may also bring with it problems our society has not previously faced. Is it humane, for example, that a terminally ill patient is thus caused to feel guilty for remaining alive because he does not want to die? Is it wise that a patient is killed alive simply because of a mistaken terminal diagnosis? And is it possible that euthanasia could be taken advantage of for some ulterior or even criminal purposes?
Since the legalization of euthanasia will raise serous moral and social issues, the decision our society makes about euthanasia will undoubtedly have tremendous consequences in society.
同学们，写作能力的培养非一朝一夕的事情，不只是掌握一些固定的模式，一些常用的句式，背几篇范文就能解决的问题。但是，在临考之际，我就我所能给同学们归纳出了四、六级写作的一些规律，和常用策略，希望能给同学们一些启示，一些帮助。祝同学们考个好成绩