There be句型用法

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There be句型用法透视
广东佛山市顺德区容山中学 刘永祚
There be句型对教师来说看上去似乎很简单,学生好象很容易就学会。其实不然,这个句型对大多数初学者来说都不会使用,是懂非懂。他们往往把there be 和have句型用法混淆。比如说:我们班昨天下午有5个男生没来上学。多数学生(包括参加高考的学生)用英语是这样表示:There had five boys in our class who were absent yesterday afternoon.下面就there be句型中的各种用法结合笔者在教学中对此知识点的归纳作一总结。我想这对高中学生大有帮助。一般结构与用法列表如下:
结 构 与 用 法
例                   句

定句
There be +名词+地点/时间状语,
表示“某处存在某物”。( be与
紧随其后的名词的数保持一致。)
There is a table and eight chairs in the room.
There are four seasons in a year.



在be后加not ( any )或no.
There isn’t any salt in the jar.
There was no noise in the class this morning.



把be放在there之前,其余部分不变,句尾用问号。(注意:be是is / are还是were / was要依句中的时态或具体情况确定。)
一般问句
Is there any water in the bottle?
简略回答
Yes, there is.或No, there is not.
特殊问句
How much water is there in the bottle?
注意
事项
可以用不同的时态,而且可以与助动词或情态动词连用。
There will be an English evening this Saturday.
There must be someone in the dark room.
There used to be a store next to our school.
此结构除be动词外,还可以用某些含有“存在”意义的其它动词。如:lie, live, stand, exist, come, remain等。
There stands a temple on the hill.
There once lived an old lady in the temple.
There comes a bus.
一、常规用法:请注意以下四点:
1.There be 句型在用法上有多种时态的变化。如“一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时和过去完成时。”请看以下例句:
Look! There are so many people singing and dancing on the square.   瞧!广场上有那么多人在载歌载舞。
Attention, please. There will be a meeting after school. 大家请注意。放学后要开会。
There have been great changes in my hometown since 1998. 自1998年以来,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
There had been several such traffic accidents by the end of last month. 到上过月底,有过好多起这样的交通事故。
2.There be 句型还可与助动词、情态动词或一些半助动词连用。如:there can / could / shall / should / may / might / will / would 加be动词或there 加used to (过去常常)/ be going to(将要) / be likely to(可能) / be about to(就要) / be certain to(一定会) / had better(最好) / have
to(必须) / appear / seem (好象) / happen to(恰好)等与be连用。例如:
There used to be dirty pool here. 以前这里有个污水池。
There is certain to be something wrong with my computer. = It is certain / appears / seems that there is something wrong with my computer. 我的电脑一定是出毛病了。
3.在there be 句型中,可用stand(站着),live(住着),lie(躺着),exist(存在),remain(还有),come(来),occur / happen(发生),follow(跟随)等动词替换be动词。这些动词可以有时态变化,若是及物动词还可以有语态变化。例如:
Once upon a time, there lived an emperor, who liked new clothes very much.很久以前,有一个皇帝,他非常喜欢新衣服。
There stands at the center of the Tian An Men Square the Monument of the People’s Heroes.在天安门广场的中央耸立着人民英雄纪念碑。
There happened an event. 发生了一个事件。
4.There be句型中的谓语动词的数要与be后面的主语在数方面保持一致;若是并列多个主语,则与“be”最近的那个主语保持一致。例如:
There is a small river in front of our school. 我们学校前面有一条小河。
There is only a bus, five cars and a helicopter at our campus.在我们的校园里有一辆小车,五辆公共汽车和一架直升飞机。
二、特殊用法:
1.there be 句型可与不定式、分词、动名词连用,在句中可作主语、宾语和状语等。例如:
It was too late for there to be any taxis. 太晚了不会有出租车了。(不定式的复合结构作状语)
Would you like there to be a picture on the wall? 你喜欢墙上 张画吗?(不定式作like宾语)
I don’t want there to be any misunderstanding between us.我不希望我们之间有任何误解。
((不定式作动词want 的宾语)
There being a bus stop so near the school is a great advantage.(动名词短语在句中作主语)
There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有什么其它事要做,我们回家了。
(独立主格结构,在句中作状语,表示原因。)
2.There be 句型也有被动语态的用法。例如:
There is needed some human hand.还需要人手。
3.There 位于句首时,常引起后面的主谓倒装。例如:
There goes the bus. 公共汽车开走了。
但请注意,主语如果是人称代词时,主谓就不能倒装。例如:
There you are! A nice cup of green tea. 你要的来了!一杯可口的绿茶。
4.There be + v.ing 此结构有时并不表示“存在”,通常以否定形式出现,用于对某一行为或抽象概念的否定,广泛用于口语和书面用语中。
1) There is no + 名词 + in doing sth.(注:此结构中的介词可以省略。)
a. 名词是表示“利弊,用途”的抽象名词。例如:
There is no good in going. 去没有什么好处。
There is no harm in doing that. 那样做并无害处。
There is no use in doing it. = It is no use doing it. 干此事毫无用处。
b. 名词是表示“价值,意义”的抽象名词。例如:
There is no sense in waiting here. 在这里等下去毫无意义。
There is no point in doing so. 这样做毫无意义。
2) There is no + doing sth.
a. 动词多为表“转述”或“认知”等意义的动词(如say, know 等),其后一般跟疑问词(如:
when, what等)。例如:
There is no saying what may happen. 很难说会发生什么事。
There is no telling when he will return. 说不清他何时归来。
There is no knowing when we shall meet again. 不知何时我们能再相会。
b. 也可用其它动词,其意义相当灵活。例如:
There is no mistaking what ought to be done. 应该做什么是很清楚的。
There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史的车轮不可倒转。
There is no getting along with him. 他很难相处。
Once she starts talking, there is no stopping her. 一旦她打开话匣,就说过没完。
There is no joking with him. 和他不能开玩笑。
c. there is + no + 表示行为的名词。此结构的含义相当于It’s impossible / necessary to do sth.。例如:
There is no hurry about it. 没有必要这么急匆匆。
There is no question of his honesty. 他的诚实不用置疑。
There is no escape from the evidence.证据确凿,无法逃避。