网络环境下的教学发展简史

古话说：以铜为镜，以正衣冠；以史为鉴，方知兴替。在人们关注如何走出教育信息化的高原期，探索信息技术与课程的深度整合，努力提高教育信息化的效益的时候，看看计算机和网络进入教育应用的发展历史，可能会给我们一些启发。
Online Learning History
Let‘s build up a complete history of key milestones in internet-based learning. Each event should be a heading that includes the date.
Contents
1 1960 - PLATO
2 1962 - R. Buckminster Fuller publishes Education Automation
3 1969 - Founding of the Internet
4 1971 - Ivan Illich‘s Learning Webs
5 1979 - USENET begins
6 1982 - Computer Assisted Learning Center (CALC)
7 1984 - CSILE
8 1987 - M/EU (Mind Extension University)
9 1988 - Aviation Industry CBT (Computer-Based Training) Committee (AICC)
10 1992 - CAPA (Computer Assisted Personalized Approach)
11 1994 - Lotus Development Corporation acquires the Human Interest Group
12 1994 - Open University Virtual Summer School
13 1994/95 - CALCampus.com
14 1995 - Mallard web-based course management system developed at the University of Illinois
15 1995 - BSCW 1.0
16 1995 - Nicenet ICA launched to the public
17 1995/6 - WOLF / Learnwise
18 1996 - TELSI Pro developed
19 1997 - CourseInfo releases ILN
20 1997 - Manhattan Virtual Classroom in use
21 1997 (about) - Pioneer developed by MEDC (University of Paisley)
22 1997 - Deployment of Nathan Bodington VLE
23 1997 - WebCT 1.0 was released
24 1997 - Blackboard was founded
25 1998 - Martin Dougiamas begins preliminary work on Moodle
26 1998 - Blackboard released its first software product
27 1998 - Nicenet ICA2 is launched
28 1998 - CNAMS 1.0 is released
30 2000 - Claroline project was initiated
31 2000 - Manhattan 1.0 is released
32 2001, November - Moodle.com runs Moodle
33 2002 Multiple Events
34 2004, January - Sakai Project is formed from several college and university projects
35 2006, June - Moodle 1.6 is released
36 2006, July 26 - Blackboard announces Patent 6,988,138
37 See Also
详细的介绍
1960 - PLATO
PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations) system developed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The system remains in operation until the mid-1990s. Wikipedia background on PLATO.
1962 - R. Buckminster Fuller publishes Education Automation Relevant quote: "Get the most comprehensive generalized computer setup with network connections to process the documentaries that your faculty and graduate-student teams will manufacture objectively from the subjective gleanings of your vast new world- and universe-ranging student probers." (p.85)
1969 - Founding of the Internet US DoD commissions ARPANET. Hobbes Timeline.
1971 - Ivan Illich‘s Learning Webs Ivan Illich describes a computer-based education network in his book Deschooling Society.
1979 - USENET begins USENET established using UUCP between Duke and UNC by Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis, and Steve Bellovin. All original groups were under net.* hierarchy. Hobbes Timeline.
1982 - Computer Assisted Learning Center (CALC)
The Computer Assisted Learning Center (CALC) was founded in 1982 in Rindge, New Hampshire, as a small, offline computer-based, adult learning center. The center was based on the same premise as today: to provide affordable, quality instruction to individual learners through the use of computers. Origins of CALCampus.
1984 - CSILE
CSILE, an educational knowledge media system, developed by Scardamalia & Bereiter at Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. ... CSILE based on Zimmerman‘s (1989) self-regulated learning (CSILE term is intentional learning) and constructivists‘ view of learning. It emphasizes on building a classroom culture supportive of active knowledge construction that can extend individual intentional learning to the group level. The purpose is to make students think and reflect their thought process which provoke question asking and answering in a public forum. The ultimate goal is to get students involved in knowledge itself rather than improve one‘s mind, a World 3 view , which shifts from individual mastery learning to improve the quality of public collective knowledge (Scardamalia, et al., 1994). - from [1]
1987 - M/EU (Mind Extension University)
In 1987, Jones launched M/EU, a cable channel carrying varied educational programming... The advent of the Internet helped facilitate communication in these telecourses.[2]
1988 - Aviation Industry CBT (Computer-Based Training) Committee (AICC)
The AICC was formed out of a need for hardware standardization of CBT delivery platforms. Important milestones include: 1989 - Common platform guidelines for CBT delivery (AGR-002), 1992 - A DOS-based digital audio guideline (AGR-003) before the advent of window multimedia standards. The guideline enabled end-users to use one audio card for multiple vendors‘ CBT courseware. Due to the huge amount of CBT legacy courseware, this guideline is still in use., 1993 - A guideline for CMI (LMS) interoperability was created. This guideline (AGR-006) resulted in the CMI systems that are able to share data with LAN-based CBT courseware from multiple vendors. 1996 - A navigation icon guideline (AGR-009) to help standardize the student user controls in CBT. 1998 - The CMI (LMS) specifications were updated to include web-based CBT (or WBT). This new web-based guideline is called AGR-010. 1999 - The CMI (LMS) specifications were updated to include a JavaScript API interface. (This the basis of the SCORM runtime environment). 2005 - The Package Exchange Notification Services (PENS) guideline (AGR-011) allows Authoring/Content Management system to seemless integrate publishing with LMS systems. [3]
1992 - CAPA (Computer Assisted Personalized Approach)
The system was developed at Michigan State University and was first used in a small (92 student) physics class in the Fall of 1992.[4]
1994 - Lotus Development Corporation acquires the Human Interest Group
The system evolves into the Lotus Learning Management System and Lotus Virtual Classroom, now owned by IBM.
1994 - Open University Virtual Summer School [5]
In August and September 1994, a Virtual Summer School (VSS) for Open University undergraduate course D309 Cognitive Psychology enabled students to attend an experimental version of summer school ‘electronically‘, i.e. from their own homes using a computer and a modem. VSS students were able to participate in group discussions, run experiments, obtain one-to-one tuition, listen to lectures, ask questions, participate as subjects in experiments, conduct literature searches, browse original journal publications, work in project teams, undertake statistical analyses, prepare and submit nicely formatted individual or joint written work, prepare plenary session presentations, and even socialize and chit-chat, all without ever leaving their homes.
1994/95 - CALCampus.com
CALCampus was the first to develop and implement the concept of a totally online-based school through which administration, real-time classroom instruction, and materials were provided, originating with the QuantumLink campus. This was a significant departure from earlier methods of distance education because no longer was the individual distance learner isolated from the teacher and from classmates. Origins of CALCampus.
1995 - Mallard web-based course management system developed at the University of Illinois
Mallard overview. See also CyberProf[6] (also copyrighted in 1995 from University of Illinois)
1995 - BSCW 1.0
Papers and timeline are here : http://bscw.fit.fraunhofer.de/Papers/index.html
1995 - Nicenet ICA launched to the public
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicenet
1995/6 - WOLF / Learnwise
WOLF (Wolverhampton Online Learning Framework)[7] developed at Wolverhampton University‘s DELTA institute under the guidance of Stephen Molyneux. [8] This went on to be released commercially by Granada Learning as Learnwise [9]
1996 - TELSI Pro developed
TELSI (Telematic Environment for Language Simulations) was a VLE developed at the University of Oulu in Finland. Development was headed by Eric Rouselle and was continued into present day Discendum Optima.
1997 - CourseInfo releases ILN
Mid 1997 CourseInfo founded by Dan Cane and Stephen Gilfus. http://www.news.cornell.edu/chronicle/97/10.16.97/Web_company.html
The "Interactive Learning Network" ILN 1.5, was released and installed at several academic institutions including Cornell University, Yale Medical School and University of Pittsburgh. The ILN was the first e-learning system of it‘s kind to leverage and install on top of a relational database MySqL.
http://www.cquest.utoronto.ca/env/aera/aera-lists/aera-c/97-11/0123.html
1997 - Manhattan Virtual Classroom in use
Manhattan was in use at this time at Western New England College, and included handouts, assignments, forums etc
1997 (about) - Pioneer developed by MEDC (University of Paisley)
Pioneer was an online learning environment developed initially for colleges in Scotland. Pioneer was web-based and featured: online course materials (published by the lecturers themselves) integral email to allow communications between students and tutors forum tools chat tools timeatable. The main driver for Pioneer was Jackie Galbraith. When MEDC was closed, the Pioneer development team moved to SCET in 1998 taking Pioneer with them when it became SCETPioneer. SCETPioneer was used by Glasgow Colleges and a number of other colleges in Scotland. SCET merged with the SCCC and became Learning and Teaching Scotland
1997 - Deployment of Nathan Bodington VLE
Development of Nathan Bodington VLE at Leeds University begins from the Bionet TLTP project
History of Bodington: http://bodington.org/history.php
Dates of Bodington development appear here :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_virtual_learning_environments
1997 - WebCT 1.0 was released
Powerpoint presentation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_virtual_learning_environments
1997 - Blackboard was founded
参考：Blackboard的发展历史：http://www.blackboard.com/company/history.aspx
1998 - Martin Dougiamas begins preliminary work on Moodle
This paper contains some early thoughts，Martin Dougiamas早期开发Moodle的思想： http://lsn.curtin.edu.au/tlf/tlf1999/dougiamas.html
1998 - Blackboard released its first software product
An online learning application, Blackboard‘s CourseInfo, developed at Cornell University by the CourseInfo team.[11]
1998 - Nicenet ICA2 is launched
Nicenet provides Internet Classroom Assistant (ICA2) with web-based conferencing, personal messaging, document sharing, scheduling and link/resource sharing to a variety of learning environments. http://www.nicenet.org/ica/ica_info.cfm
1998 - CNAMS 1.0 is released
The Cisco Networking Academy Management System (CNAMS) is released to faciliate communication and course management of the largest blended learning initiative of its time, the Cisco Networking Academy. It includes tools to maintain rosters, gradebooks, forums, as well as a scalable, robust assessment engine.
1999
Martin trials early prototypes of Moodle. Martin‘s paper, Improving the effectiveness of tools for Internet based education, details one case study and includes screenshots
Desire2Learn founded in Canada （Jiahou注：Desire2Learn是加拿大目前正在中小学推广使用的学习管理系统，2006年年11月4日，我到加拿大参观学校，他们的教师正在培训学习Desire2Learn的课程设计方法。）
2000 - Claroline project was initiated
The Claroline project was initiated in 2000 at the Catholic University of Louvain (Belgium) by Thomas De Praetere and was financially supported by the Louvain Foundation.
claroline.net
dates and credits
2000 - Manhattan 1.0 is released
In October of 2000, Manhattan Virtual Campus was released in its entirety on the Internet for free under the GNU General Public License.
http://manhattan.sourceforge.net
2001, November - Moodle.com runs Moodle
See this announcement
2002 Multiple Events
August - Moodle 1.0 is released
Summer - Seque Project releases first version of its elearning software
September - Site@School released
2004, January - Sakai Project is formed from several college and university projects （Jiahou注：Sakai是美国几家大学联合开发的学习管理系统，类似Moodle，目前正在国际上推广，不久前，华东师范大学邀请Sakai的专家来中国讲学。）
2006, June - Moodle 1.6 is released
2006, July 26 - Blackboard announces Patent 6,988,138
This patent, filed on June 30, 2000 (with pending and related applications dating as early as June 1999) and issued on January 17, 2006, contains very extensive claims pertaining to every aspect of online course delivery. The breadth of this patent would seemingly give Blackboard the ability to enforce this intellectual property against other producers of online course delivery systems.
2007，June，Moodle 1.71+ is released
Jiahou注：
2004，中国部分学校开始学习Moodle 1.54
2005，哈尔滨工业大学将Moodle 1.6 进行中文翻译。
2006，3月，上海师范大学教育技术系组织2005级研究生学习研究Moodle 1.54
2006，10月，Moodle的中文名称被我们翻译为“魔灯”。
2006，10月，苏州市教育信息化工作会议上正式推广介绍魔灯（Moodle1.6）。
2006，11月，魔灯（Moodle1.7-1.8b）的中文翻译工作由上海师范大学教育技术系2006级研究生完成。
2006,  11月，魔灯（Moodle1.6）正式进入鞍山一中骨干教师高级培训班、淄博市骨干教师高级研修班、中山市信息化研究型教师高级研修班、英特尔未来教育校长高级研修班（上海）。
2007，魔灯（Moodle1.71+）将列入上海市闵行区、浦东新区、嘉定区的教师培训项目，浙江省教研活动，北京市部分学校的教师培训项目。
2007，魔灯（Moodle1.71+）将列入上海师范大学本科师范生专业必修课程。
更多参考，See Also ：
http://www.google.com/Top/Computers/Software/Online_Training/Delivery_and_Management_Systems/
http://www.google.com/Top/Reference/Education/Instructional_Technology/Course_Website_Software/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_virtual_learning_environments
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-assisted_language_learning CALI History in this
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_learning#See_also
Foundations of Distance Education
1997 Conference: Trends & Issues in Online Instruction
http://www.usdla.org/html/journal/SEP01_Issue/article01.html mentions: Unix courses @ Nova University early 70s and National Technological University (NTU)
资料来源： http://docs.moodle.org/en/Online_Learning_History
思考题：
1、  从信息技术在教育中的应用的发展历程，计算机和网络是如何与教学活动整合的？其发展的过程与教育思想的发展有哪些联系，为什么?