麻省理工学院“开放式课程网页” | 语言学与哲学 | 24.211 2003秋季课程:知识理论 | 相关阅读资料

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以下是每节课必要阅读资料的清单,还有建议阅读资料的书目。标明“Feldman”的参考资料代表的是使用此课程教科书:Feldman, R.《知识论》. Prentice Hall, 2002.
Below is a list of required readings for each class session, and a bibliography ofrecommended readings. References to "Feldman" are to the required textbook for the course: Feldman, R. Epistemology. Prentice Hall, 2002. 课课程单元阅读资料
1导论
Introduction
知识
Knowledge
2-6我们能够知道关于外在世界的任何事情吗?
Can we know anything about the external world?笛卡儿,沈思录 1
Descartes.Meditation 1.
Blumenfeld, D.与J. Blumenfeld. 〈我能够知道我不是在作梦吗?〉,选自《笛卡儿:批判的与诠释的论文集》. M. Hooker编. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978, 234-55页. Blumenfeld, D., and J. Blumenfeld.
Blumenfeld, D., and J. Blumenfeld. "Can I Know that I am not Dreaming?" In Descartes: Critical and Interpretive Essays. M. Hooker, ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978, pp. 234-55.
Stroud, B. 《哲学怀疑论的重要性》. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984, 1-38页.
Stroud, B. The Significance of Philosophical Skepticism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984, pp. 1-38.
Feldman, R.《知识论》.1-5与111-129页.
Feldman, R. Epistemology. pp. 1-5, and 111-129.
7-14何谓知识?
What is knowledge?
Gettier, E. L. 〈获得证成的真实信念是知识吗?〉 Analysis 23 (1963): 121-3页.
Gettier, E. L. "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?" Analysis 23 (1963): 121-3.
[重印于P. K. Moser编.《经验知识:当代知识论读本》. Rowman & Littlefield, 1986.]
[Reprinted in P. K. Moser, ed. Empirical Knowledge: Readings in Contemporary Epistemology. Rowman & Littlefield, 1986.]
Feldman, 8-38页
Feldman, pp. 8-38.
Lehrer, Keith, and Thomas Paxson, Jr. 〈知识:无法推翻的且获得证成的真实信念〉,选自Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 66, No. 8 (Apr. 24, 1969): 225-237页.
Lehrer, Keith, and Thomas Paxson, Jr. "Knowledge: Undefeated Justified True Belief." In Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 66, No. 8 (Apr. 24, 1969): 225-237.
Goldman, Alvin I. 〈识别力与知觉知识〉,选自Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 73, No. 20 (Nov. 18, 1976): 771-791页.
Goldman, Alvin I. "Discrimination and Perceptual Knowledge." In Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 73, No. 20 (Nov. 18, 1976): 771-791.
Nozick, R. 《哲学解释》. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981, 167-179, 188-196, 197-211与679-690页.
Nozick, R. Philosophical Explanations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981, pp. 167-179, 188-196, 197-211, and 679-690.
Lewis, D.〈难以定义的知识〉,选自The Australasian Journal of Philosophy 74 (1996): 549-67页.
Lewis, D. "Elusive Knowledge." In The Australasian Journal of Philosophy 74 (1996): 549-67.
Haslanger, S.《知识,它是什么而且它应当是什么:女性主义者的价值观与规范知识论》.Feldman,86-90页.
Haslanger, S. "What is Knowledge and What Ought it to be: Feminist Values and Normative Epistemology." Feldman, pp. 86-90.
信念
Belief
15-16我们能够拥有合理的或证成的信念吗?
Can we have reasonable or justified beliefs?Empiricus, Sextus.〈皮浪主义纲要〉,节录自《古希腊哲学入门选读》.第二版. B. Inwood与L. P. Gerson翻译. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1997, 302-308, 316-317, 337-339, 与396-397页.
Empiricus, Sextus. "Outlines of Pyrrhonism." Excerpts from Hellinistic Philosophy Introductory Readings. 2nd edition. Translated by B. Inwood and L. P. Gerson. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1997, pp. 302-308, 316-317, 337-339, and 396-397.
Feldman. 39-52与130-152页.
Feldman. pp. 39-52, and 130-152.
17-18基础论
FoundationalismBonjour, L.〈经验知识能够拥有基础吗?〉.,选自American Philosophical Quarterly 15 (1978): 1-13页.
Bonjour, L. "Can Empirical Knowledge Have a Foundation?" In American Philosophical Quarterly 15 (1978): 1-13.
Alston, W. 〈直接知识的错误是什么?〉,选自 Synthese 55 (1983): 73-95页. [重印于W. Alston,《知识证成》. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989, 57-78页.]
Alston, W. "What‘s Wrong with Immediate Knowledge?" In Synthese 55 (1983): 73-95.
[Reprinted in W. Alston, Epistemic Justification. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989, pp. 57-78.]
Feldman. 52-60与70-78页.
Feldman. pp. 52-60, and 70-78.
19-22可靠论
ReliabilismGoldman, A.〈信仰的证据为何?〉,选自《辨明与知识》. G. Pappas编. Reidel, Dordrecht, 1979, 1-23页.
Goldman, A. "What is Justified Belief?" In Justification and Knowledge. G. Pappas, ed. Reidel, Dordrecht, 1979, pp 1-23.
Bonjour, L. 〈经验知识的外在论〉,选自Midwest Studies in Philosophy 5. P. A. French, T. E. Uehling与H. Wettstein编. (1980): 53-73页.
Bonjour, L. "Externalist Theories of Empirical Knowledge." In Midwest Studies in Philosophy 5. P. A. French, T. E. Uehling and H. Wettstein, eds. (1980): 53-73.
Feldman. 90-99与105-106页.
Feldman. pp. 90-99, and 105-106.
23-26局部信仰
Partial beliefRamsey, F. P.〈真理与机率〉,选自《数学基础与其他逻辑论文集》.R. B. Braithwaite编. Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1926, 第七章, 156-198页.
Ramsey, F. P. "Truth and Probability." In The Foundations of Mathematics and other Logical Essays. R. B. Braithwaite, ed. Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1926, chapter 7, pp. 156-198.
建议阅读资料
Recommended Readings
知识
Knowledge
我们能够知道关于外在世界的任何事情吗?
Can we know anything about the external world?
Unger, P. 〈捍卫怀疑论〉. Philosophical Review 80 (1971): 198-219页.
Unger, P. "A defense of skepticism." Philosophical Review 80 (1971): 198-219.
何谓知识?
What is knowledge?
Williamson, T. 《知识与其限制》.牛津:牛津大学印制,2000
Williamson, T. Knowledge and its limits. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
信念
Belief
我们能够拥有合理的或证成的信念吗?
Can we have reasonable or justified beliefs?
Klein, P.史丹佛百科全书:怀疑论
Klein, P.Stanford Encyclopedia on Skepticism.
Barnes, J.《怀疑论的陷阱》. 剑桥:剑桥大学印制, 1990
Barnes, J. The toils of Skepticism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Annas, J. and J. Barnes.《怀疑论的型态:古代文本与现代诠释》. 剑桥:剑桥大学印制,1985
Annas, J. and J. Barnes. The Modes of Skepticism: ancient texts and modern interpretations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
基础论
Foundationalism
亚里士多德, 〈后分析论〉, I.3 (从网络古典文献下载), (收录于《工具论》,秦典华与余纪元译,慧明出版,2002.)
Aristotle, Posterior Analytics , I.3 (Download from The Internet Classics Archive)
Bonjour, L. 〈基础论与融贯论之间的辩证〉, 收录于《布雷克威尔知识论导读》 John Greco与Ernest Sosa编. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999, 117-143页
Bonjour, L. "The Dialectic of Foundationalism and Coherentism", in The Blackwell Guide to Epistemology. Edited by John Greco and Ernest Sosa. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999, pp. 117-143
Sosa, E. 〈浮艇与金字塔:知识论中的基础与融贯之争〉. Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 5: 1980, 3-25页.
Sosa, E. "The Raft and the Pyramid: Coherence versus foundations in the theory of knowledge." Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 5: 1980, 3-25.
偏信
Partial Belief
Skyrms, B. 《选择与机会》.第四版. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2000.
Skyrms, B. Choice and Chance. 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2000.
Jeffrey, R. 《抉择的逻辑》.第二版. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.
Jeffrey, R. The Logic of Decision. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.


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